Synthesis of 4-halophosphaisocoumarins via halocyclization of 2-(1-alkynyl)phenylphosphonates

A series of 4-halophosphaisocoumarins were prepared with high regioselectivity in good to excellent yields under mild conditions by the reaction of 2-(1-alkynyl)phenylphosphonic acid diesters with I₂ in CHCl₃ or ICl in CH₂Cl₂, or by the reaction of 2-(1-alkynyl)phenylphosphonic acid monoesters with NBS or NCS in DMF. Whether the alkynylphosphonates could cyclize or not was affected by the substituents, reaction solvents and electrophiles. A rationale for this reaction is discussed.     

葡萄糖氧化酶电极的制备

葡萄糖氧化酶电极的制备于秀娟，周定，郭京华（哈尔滨工业大学应用化学系哈尔滨１５０００６）关键词葡萄糖氢化酶，酶电极，制备酶与电极的连接即酶膜的形成是制备酶电极的关键步骤之一，有许多种方式［１～９］．葡萄糖氧化酶（ＧＯＤ）电极是研究较早和报道较多的一类...     

Novel reference gene, High-mobility-group protein I/Y, used in qualitative and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection of transgenic rapeseed cultivars

With the development of transgenic crops, regulations to label the genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their derived products have been issued in many countries. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods are thought to be reliable and useful techniques for qualitative and quantitative detection of GMOs. These methods are generally needed to amplify the transgene and compare the amplified results with that of a corresponding reference gene to get the reliable results. Specific primers were developed for the rapeseed (Brassica napus), high-mobility-group protein I/Y(HMG-I/Y) single-copy gene and PCR cycling conditions suitable for the use of this sequence as an endogenous reference gene in both qualitative and quantitative PCR assays. Both methods were assayed with 15 different rapeseed varieties, and identical amplified products were obtained with all of them. No amplification was observed when templates were the DNA samples from the other species of Brassica genus or other species, such as broccoli, stem mustard, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, sprouts, Arabidopsis thaliana, carrot, tobacco, soybean, mung bean, tomato, pepper, eggplant, plum, wheat, maize, barley, rice, lupine, and sunflower. This system was specific for rapeseed. Limits of detection and quantitation in qualitative and quantitative PCR systems were about 13 pg DNA (about 10 haploid genomes) and about 1.3 pg DNA (about 1 haploid genome), respectively. To further test the feasibility of this HMG-I/Y gene as an endogenous reference gene, samples containing transgenic rapeseed GT73 with the inserted glyphosate oxidoreductase (GOX) gene were quantitated. These demonstrated that the endogenous PCR detection systems were applicable to the qualitative and quantitative detection of transgenic rapeseed.     

等色染料离子对萃取光度法研究：Ⅰ.溴酚蓝·亚甲蓝体系

研究了溴酚蓝（ＢＰＢ）·亚甲蓝（ＭＢ）等色染料离子对萃取光度测定银、汞和铜的方法。首先将被测金属离子形成［Ｍｅ（ｐｈｅｎ）３］ＢＰＢ的二氯乙烷萃取液，用ＫＣＮ解析并反萃入水相，而后加入和溴酚蓝等色的亚甲蓝溶液继续萃取。由于等色染料离子对和Ｍｅ（ＣＮ）ｎＢＰＢ三元络合物同时进入二氯乙烷中而提高了灵敏度、测定Ａｇ、Ｈｇ和Ｃｕ的摩尔吸光系数均在１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ（－１）·ｃｍ（－１）以上。     

将A-L理论推广到无限维李代数

为使由Alhassid与Levine所提出的动力学李代数方法（简称A－L理论）能适用于更多的散射体系，在h(∞)中引入了有效集合C（有限维）的概念．按照微扰理论的意义，C中的代数元所对应的群参量是较低次微扰的结果，而不属于C的代数元所对应的群参量则相当于较高次做扰所产生的修正结果．因此可以近似地利用C来代替h(∞)．这样，不仅简化了计算程序并且对于很多具有现实意义的散射过程的计算成为可能．     

共线散射体系A+BC的平-振能量传递──无限维李代数处理方法

利用无限维李代数方法处理了在BC分子能谱中含有二级与三级非简谐项的散射体系A＋BC的平-振能量传递问题，获得了散射过程的含有主要动力学参量的跃迁矩阵元和跃迁几率的解析表达式     

Simultaneous determination of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, 4-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-benzyl alcohol, and sugars in Gastrodia elata blume measured as their acetylated derivatives by GC-MS

A method for the simultaneous separation and determination of the active constituents and three sugars in the roots of Gastrodia elata Blume (GE), which is used as a famous Chinese traditional herbal medicine, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is established. The samples are acetylated with pyridine-acetic anhydride. The contents of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HA), fructose, glucose, 4-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-benzyl alcohol (GA), and sucrose in GE are 0.004%, 0.03%, 1.36%, 1.12%, 1.97%, and 4.25%, respectively, and the detection limits are 1.5, 3.0, 11.0, 5.0, 33.0, and 35.0 pg, respectively. The contents of HA and GA in the urine and brain of a mouse are also determined. This method is simple, reliable, and quick for the simultaneous determination of the active constituents and sugars in GE.