Effect of short glass fiber on structure and viscoelastic behavior of olefinic polymers synthesized with metallocene catalyst

Several composites were prepared on the basis of an ethylene homopolymer and different copolymers of ethylene and 1‐hexene, synthesized with a metallocene catalyst, as matrices and a content of a 5 wt % of short glass fiber. The effect of the fiber incorporation on the structure and mechanical and viscoelastic behaviors was analyzed for the different samples. The glass fibers induced a slightly higher crystallinity, and the crystallite morphology significantly changed (long spacings and crystal orientation). The incorporation of fibers did not reinforce the different matrices under study at this low content; consequently, the mechanical parameters, such as Young's modulus, yielding stress, and microhardness, were lower in the composites as compared with those values found in the neat polyolefins. The location and apparent activation energies of distinct relaxation processes are also discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1244–1255, 2003     

Morphological instability induced by the interaction of a particle with a solid-liquid interface

Motivated by recent experimental findings, we investigate the possible occurrence and characteristics of quasicrystalline order in two-dimensional mixtures of point dipoles with two sorts of dipole moments. Despite the fact that the dipolar interaction potential does not exhibit an intrinsic length scale and cannot be tuned a priori to support the formation of quasicrystalline order, we find that configurations with long-range quasicrystallinity yield minima in the potential energy surface of the many particle system. These configurations emanate from an ideal or perturbed ideal decoration of a binary tiling by steepest descent relaxation. Ground state energy calculations of alternative ordered states and parallel tempering Monte-Carlo simulations reveal that the quasicrystalline configurations do not correspond to a thermodynamically stable state. On the other hand, steepest descent relaxations and conventional Monte-Carlo simulations suggest that they are rather robust against fluctuations. Local quasicrystalline order in the disordered equilibrium states can be strong.Received: 15 September 2004, Published online: 26 November 2004PACS: 61.44.Br Quasicrystals - 75.50.Kj Amorphous and quasicrystalline magnetic materials - 82.70.Dd Colloids     

On a Result of R. Turner

We study the similarity of perturbed compact operators to operators of block-diagonal structure with respect to some family of orthogonal projection operators, which allows us to refine and essentially strengthen results due to R. Turner. We obtain information about the operator realizing the similarity transformation, present estimates for the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the perturbed operator, and also study the inverse problem of spectral analysis.     

Arsenic determination in marine sediment using ultrasound for sample preparation.

This work deals with As determination in marine sediment using ultrasound for sample preparation. It is shown that As can be quantitatively extracted from marine sediment using 20% (v/v) HCl and sonication. The slurry is centrifuged and the analyte is determined in the supernatant by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG AAS). A flow injection (FI) system is employed for hydride generation, with 0.5% (m/v) NaBH(4) used as reducdant and a 20% (v/v) HCl used as sample carrier. The limit of quantification is 1.6 microg g(-1) of As, which is based on 800 microl of sample solution and 0.200 g of sample mass in a volume of 50 mL. Certified and non certified marine sediment samples were analyzed; the results were in accordance with the certified or reference values. Speciation analysis by HPLC-ICP-MS showed that As(V) is the only detectable As species present in the supernatant of the centrifuged sample.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Silica@Copper Core–Shell Nanoparticles: Application for Conjugate Addition Reactions

Silica@copper (SiO₂@Cu) core–shell nanoparticles were synthesized and well characterized by XRD, TEM, AFM, XPS, UV/Vis, TGA–MS, and ICP–AES techniques. The synthesized SiO₂@Cu core–shell nanoparticles were employed as catalysts for the conjugate addition of amines to α,β‐unsaturated compounds in water to obtain β‐amino carbonyl compounds in excellent yields in shorter reaction times. Furthermore, the catalyst works well for hetero‐Michael addition reactions of heteroatom nucleophiles such as thiols to α,β‐unsaturated compounds. As the reaction is performed in water, it allows for easy recycling of the catalyst with consistent activity.     

An analysis of migration paths of Li+ cations in ternary oxygen-containing compounds Li p X q O r

A new method was developed for studying voids and channels in crystal structures based on the Voronoi-Dirichlet partition of crystal space, and 822 structurally characterized ternary compounds Li ^p X ^q O ^r were analyzed for the first time. For these compounds, the dimensionality was determined and the migration patterns of channel systems capable of providing lithium-ion transport were constructed. The calculated coordinates of lithium atoms in the centers of the voids are consistent (within 0.4 ?) with the known structural data. Among these compounds, 113 compounds have infinite channel systems, 60 compounds (18 structural types, STs) have been described earlier in the literature as solid electrolytes, and 53 compounds (23 STs) can be considered as potential one-, two-, or three-dimensional ionic conductors (13, 3, and 7 STs, respectively). Original Russian Text ? N.A. Anurova, V.A. Blatov, G.D. Ilyushin, O.A. Blatova, A.K. Ivanov-Shitz, L.N. Dem’yanets, 2008, published in Kristallografiya, 2008, Vol. 53, No. 6, pp. 987–993.     

Parametric oscillations and stability of systems with large modulation coefficient

We study parametric oscillations of linear systems with one degree of freedom for large values of the modulation coefficient. We use the classical analytic Lyapunov-Poincaré perturbation methods and an original numerically-analytic method of accelerated convergence to construct periodic solutions and the corresponding eigenvalues. We find the boundaries of stability and instability domains. We use specific models to illustrate the main properties of parametric oscillations of systems with singular character of the perturbation dependence on the modulation coefficient. We consider periodic boundary value problems for the modified Mathieu equation and the Kochin equation modeling crankshaft torsional vibrations and show that there are significant differences between weakly and essentially perturbed periodicmotions both for the lowest and arbitrary oscillation modes. We also describe the unusual properties of the boundaries in the domain of the system determining parameters.     

Stress concentration and effective stiffness of aligned fiber reinforced composite with anisotropic constituents

The paper addresses the problem of calculation of the local stress field and effective elastic properties of a unidirectional fiber reinforced composite with anisotropic constituents. For this aim, the representative unit cell approach has been utilized. The micro geometry of the composite is modeled by a periodic structure with a unit cell containing multiple circular fibers. The number of fibers is sufficient to account for the micro structure statistics of composite. A new method based on the multipole expansion technique is developed to obtain the exact series solution for the micro stress field. The method combines the principle of superposition, technique of complex potentials and some new results in the theory of special functions. A proper choice of potentials and new results for their series expansions allow one to reduce the boundary-value problem for the multiple-connected domain to an ordinary, well-posed set of linear algebraic equations. This reduction provides high numerical efficiency of the developed method. Exact expressions for the components of the effective stiffness tensor have been obtained by analytical averaging of the strain and stress fields.     

Chlorination of aromatic substrates catalyzed by the phthalocyanine complexes

The chlorination of benzene, toluene, and o-xylene with molecular chlorine in the presence of the phthalocyanine complexes of different structures was studied. The transformations of the catalysts during the reaction were investigated. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1644–1647, August, 2008.     

Thermodynamic parameters of urethane formation reactions and concomitant processes

Thermodynamic parameters of reactions of methyl and phenyl isocyanates with a series of compounds were determined by quantum-chemical calculations. The products of these reactions model for various functional groups present in commercial polyurethanes. The thermodynamic stability series for compounds formed from aliphatic and aromatic isocyanates were constructed.