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81.
The higher Randi? index Rt(G) of a simple graph G is defined as
82.
Szanyi J Kwak JH Kim do H Wang X Hanson J Chimentao RJ Peden CH 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2007,(9):984-986
Exposure of NO(2)-saturated BaO/gamma-Al(2)O(3) NO(x) storage materials to H(2)O vapour results in the conversion of surface nitrates to Ba(NO(3))(2) crystallites, causing dramatic morphological changes in the Ba-containing phase, demonstrating a role for water in affecting the NO(x) storage/reduction properties of these materials. 相似文献
83.
Lee SH Han JH Kwak H Lee SJ Lee EY Kim HJ Lee JH Bae C Lee SN Kim Y Kim C 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2007,13(33):9393-9398
Mononuclear nonheme iron(III) complexes of tetradentate ligands containing two deprotonated amide moieties, [Fe(Me(2)bpb)Cl(H(2)O)] (3 a) and [Fe(bpc)Cl(H(2)O)] (4 a), were prepared by substitution reactions involving the previously synthesized iron(III) complexes [Et(3)NH][Fe(Me(2)bpb)Cl(2)] (3) and [Et(3)NH][Fe(bpc)Cl(2)] (4). Complexes 3 a and 4 a were characterized by IR and elemental analysis, and complex 3 a also by X-ray crystallography. Nonheme iron(III) complexes 3, 3 a, 4, and 4 a catalyze olefin epoxidation and alcohol oxidation on treatment with m-chloroperbenzoic acid. Pairwise comparisons of the reactivity of these complexes revealed that the nature of the axial ligand (Cl(-) versus H(2)O) influences the yield of oxidation products, whereas an electronic change in the supporting chelate ligand has little effect. Hydrocarbon oxidation by these catalysts was proposed to involve an iron(V) oxo species which is formed on heterolytic O-O bond cleavage of an iron acylperoxo intermediate (FeOOC(O)R). Evidence for this iron(V) oxo species was derived from KIE (k(H)/k(D)) values, H(2) (18)O exchange experiments, and the use of peroxyphenylacetic acid (PPAA) as the peracid. Our results suggest that an Fe(V)=O moiety can form in a system wherein the supporting chelate ligand comprises a mixture of neutral and anionic nitrogen donors. This work is relevant to the chemistry of mononuclear nonheme iron enzymes that are proposed to oxidize organic substrates via reaction pathways involving high-valent iron oxo species. 相似文献
84.
Song X Cao M Han Y Wang Y Kwak JC 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2007,23(8):4279-4285
The adsorption of hydrophobically modified poly(acrylamide)-co-(acrylic acid), designated as PAM-C14-AA (x%) (x = 5, 10, 20, representing the mole percent of acrylic acid units), at an amino-functionalized silicon surface was studied. The effect of polymer charge density was determined by varying the acrylic acid content of the copolymer. Characteristics of the adsorbed layer were evaluated by atomic force microscopy, water contact angle measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the adsorption behavior of PAM-C14-AA (x%) is influenced by the balance among the electrostatic, hydrogen-bonding, and hydrophobic interactions. Adjusting the solution pH and polymer charge density significantly affects the morphology and thickness of the adsorbed film. Furthermore, it was found that the adsorbed PAM-C14-AA undergoes conformational rearrangements when the surface is wetted by selected organic solvents. The resultant morphology and wettability of the films indicated that the different affinities of the solvents for different segments of PAM-C14-AA (x%) can be considered to be the possible cause of the conformational rearrangements of adsorbed polymer. 相似文献
85.
Jun BH Kim JH Park H Kim JS Yu KN Lee SM Choi H Kwak SY Kim YK Jeong DH Cho MH Lee YS 《Journal of combinatorial chemistry》2007,9(2):237-244
A new type of encoded bead, which uses surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), is described for multiplex immunoassays. Silver nanoparticles were embedded in sulfonated polystyrene (PS) beads via a polyol method, and they were used as SERS-active substrates. Raman-label organic compounds such as 4-methylbenzenethiol (4-MT), 2-naphthalenethiol (2-NT), and benzenethiol (BT) were then adsorbed onto the silver nanoparticles in the sulfonated PS bead. Although only three kinds of encoding have been demonstrated here, various combinations of these Raman-label organic compounds have the potential to give a large number of tags. The Raman-label-incorporated particles were then coated with a silica shell using tetraethoxyorthosilicate (TEOS) for chemical stability and biocompatibility. The resulting beads showed unique and intense Raman signals for the labeled organic compounds. We demonstrated that SERS-encoded beads could be used for multiplex detection with a model using streptavidin and p53. In our system, the binding event of target molecules and the type of ligand can be simultaneously recognized by Raman spectroscopy using a single laser-line excitation (514.5 nm). 相似文献
86.
A series of hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide and polyacrylamide-co-poly(acrylic acid) gels with systematically varying hydrophobicity were prepared by free-radical polymerization of acrylamide,
n-alkylacrylamides (n = 10, 12, and 14), and acrylic acid. The swelling of these gels was examined in water and in both anionic and cationic surfactant
solutions. It was found that the gels which incorporated acrylic acid showed extremely high swelling in water. Maximum swelling
was observed in gels which incorporated 10 mol% acrylic acid. The swelling of these gels was much less in solutions of both
anionic and cationic surfactants than in water. The gels which did not incorporate acrylic acid demonstrated little swelling
in water, but showed increased swelling in both anionic and cationic surfactant solutions with increased hydrophobicity of
the gel.
Received: 1 February 1999 Accepted in revised form: 5 March 1999 相似文献
87.
Soo‐Jin Park Geun‐Ho Kwak Min‐Kang Seo Jae‐Rock Lee 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2001,39(3):326-331
The latent properties and cure behaviors of an epoxy blend system based on cycloaliphatic epoxy (CAE) and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy containing N‐benzylpyrazinium hexafluoroantimonate (BPH) as a thermal latent initiator were investigated with near‐infrared (N‐IR) spectroscopy. The assignments of the latent properties and cure kinetics were performed by the measurements of the N‐IR reflectance for epoxide and hydroxyl functional groups at different temperatures and compositions. As a result, this system showed more than one type of reaction, and BPH was an excellent thermal latent catalyst without any coinitiator. The cure behaviors were identified by the changes in the absorption intensity of the hydroxyl groups at 7100 cm−1 with different composition ratios. Moreover, characteristic N‐IR band assignments were used to evaluate the reactive kinetics and were shown to be an appropriate method for studying the cure behaviors of the CAE/DGEBA blend system containing a thermal latent catalyst. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 39: 326–331, 2001 相似文献
88.
Yong‐Hyun Jin Hong‐Jo Park Seung‐Soon Im Seung‐Yeop Kwak Soonjong Kwak 《Macromolecular rapid communications》2002,23(2):135-140
Complete exfoliation of montmorillonite during Ti‐based Ziegler‐Natta polymerization of ethylene has been successfully carried out by using montmorillonite (MMT‐OH) modified with intercalation agents containing hydroxyl groups. Hydroxyl groups in intercalation agents offer facile reactive sites for anchoring catalysts in between silicate layers. Comparison of exfoliation characteristics between MMT‐OH and non‐intercalated montmorillonite showed that the feasibility of exfoliation during ethylene polymerization was highly dependent on the catalyst fixation method. 相似文献
89.
Jungahn Kim Keon Hyeong Kim Jae Cheol Cho Soonjong Kwak Kwang Ung Kim Won Ho Jo Hye Sung Yoon Dong Soo Lim 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1998,36(11):1733-1741
The catalytic activities in syndiospecific polymerization of styrene in hydrocarbon using homogeneous Ti-based catalysts in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO) were investigated through UV/visible spectroscopic analysis. A strong UV absorption band of CpTiCl3, itself, incipiently appeared at λmax = 400 nm in toluene, followed by a bathochromic shift with its remarkable decrease by the addition of MAO. The absorption band intensity at λmax = 400 nm arising from delocalization of π-electrons on the cyclopentadienyl ring decreased by methylation in the presence of MAO with regard to the mechanism for production of an active center (“cation-like”), for example, the change of the ionic nature. The intensity decrease at λmax = 400 nm was suppressed over 2000 of the [Al]/[Ti] ratio. In the case of Ti(OC4H9)4 having a σ-ligand, new and broad UV absorption bands were developed at λmax = 340 nm and 410 nm in the presence of MAO in contrast with the CpTiCl3/MAO system. Comparison between the relative absorption intensities at λmax = 340 nm and 410 nm led to the determination of a maximum catalytic activity of Ti(OC4H9)4 in the presence of MAO related to the polymerization yield. The maximum polymerization yield was observed with regard to the relative maximum value of the absorption intensity at λmax = 410 nm with the [Al]/[Ti] ratio (500). From observation for polymorphism of the final products via differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC), the thermally unstable β-form seemed to be produced by the CpTiCl3/MAO system independent of the MAO concentration, the Ti(OC4H9)4/MAO system produced a thermally stable α-form in the low MAO concentration (up to 100 of the [Al]/[Ti] ratio), and a mixture of α- and/or β-forms over 200 of the [Al]/[Ti] ratio under our experimental conditions. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1733–1741, 1998 相似文献
90.
Jae Cheol Cho Keon Hyeong Kim Kwang Ung Kim Soonjong Kwak Jungahn Kim Won Ho Jo Moon Seok Chun Chan Hong Lee Jong Ki Yeo Roderic P. Quirk 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1998,36(11):1743-1753
The most important variable affecting the yield in the coupling reactions of polymeric organolithium compounds with chlorosilane compounds has been investigated through size-exclusion chromatographic (SEC) analysis. The coupling reaction of poly(styryl)lithium with dichlorodimethylsilane as a silane-coupling agent provided 44 wt % of the coupling yield. The coupling yield, depending on the chain end reactivity of active polymers, was not greatly affected. The addition of a Lewis base such as N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) even after complete polymerization of the dienes in hydrocarbon seems to affect the coupling reaction, resulting in decreasing the yield. The 1,2- or 3,4-enchain contents in the polydiene backbones affected the reduction of the linking efficiency in the coupling of the poly(dienyl)lithiums with chlorosilanes as the linking agent. The linking yields of the active polymers including over 75 mol % of 1,2- or 3,4-enchainment on the polydiene segment were below 20 wt %. The linking yields exhibited a dependence not only on the steric requirement of the chain end, but also the microstructure of the polydiene segment. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1743–1753, 1998 相似文献