基于快速神经网络架构搜索的鲁棒图像水印网络算法

为解决深度学习在图像水印算法中计算量大且模型冗余的问题,提高图像水印算法在抵抗噪声、旋转和剪裁等攻击时的鲁棒性,提出基于快速神经网络架构搜索（neural architecture search,NAS）的鲁棒图像水印网络算法。通过多项式分布学习快速神经网络架构搜索算法,在预设的搜索空间中搜索最优网络结构,进行图像水印的高效嵌入与鲁棒提取。首先,将子网络中线性连接的全卷积层设置为独立的神经单元结构,并参数化表示结构单元内节点的连接,预先设定结构单元内每个神经元操作的搜索空间;其次,在完成一个批次的数据集训练后,依据神经元操作中的被采样次数和平均损失函数值动态更新概率;最后,重新训练搜索完成的网络。水印网络模型的参数量较原始网络模型缩减了92%以上,大大缩短了模型训练时间。由于搜索得到的网络结构更为紧凑,本文算法具有较高的时间性能和较好的实验效果,在隐藏图像时,对空域信息的依赖比原始网络更少。对改进前后的2个网络进行了大量鲁棒性实验,对比发现,本文算法在CIFAR-10数据集上对抵抗椒盐噪声和旋转、移除像素行（列）等攻击优势显著;在ImageNet数据集上对抵抗椒盐高斯噪声、旋转、中值滤波、高斯滤波、JPEG压缩、裁剪等攻击优势显著,特别是对随机移除行（列）和椒盐噪声有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于连续量子级联激光器的1103.4cm–1处NH3混叠吸收光谱特性研究

由于NH3在大气气溶胶化学中具有重要作用,所以快速和精确反演NH3浓度对环境问题非常重要.本文以9.05μm的室温连续量子级联激光器(quantum cascade laser,QCL)作为光源,采用波长扫描直接吸收可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱(tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy,TDLAS)技术,研究了QCL在1103.4 cm–1的光谱特性,获得了激光器控制的温度电流与波长的关系.设计了QCL二级温控的低压实验平台,测量氨气在1103.4 cm–1处的6条混叠吸收线,在降低压强的情况下谱线展宽变小,使混叠光谱分离,由此计算各条吸收线的线强,进一步对测量不确定度进行分析.针对混叠严重的光谱提出了低压分离单光谱精确反演气体浓度的方法,并进行了实验验证.通过与HITRAN数据库进行结果对比,得出氨气在1103.4 cm–1的实验测量线强值与数据库偏差为2.71%-4.71%,实验测量线强值的不确定度在2.42%-8.92%,极低压条件下反演浓度与实际值的偏差在1%-3%.     

稀土元素(La,Y)掺杂GaN的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理赝势平面波方法,对稀土元素La,Y单掺杂和La和Y共掺杂GaN的晶格常数、电子结构及光学性质进行了计算与分析.计算结果表明:掺杂改变了GaN的能带结构,未掺杂和Y掺杂形成导带底和价带顶位于G点的直接带隙半导体,而La掺杂和La和Y共掺杂形成导带底位于G点,价带顶位于Q点的间接带隙半导体.可以通过掺杂元素来调制GaN的禁带宽度和带隙类型,掺杂均提高GaN在低能区的静态介电常数、反射率、折射率,使光子的跃迁强度增大,说明稀土元素La,Y掺杂可有效调制GaN的光电性质.     

An improved evaluation of the neutron background in the PandaX-Ⅱ experiment

In dark matter direct detection experiments,neutron is a serious source of background,which can mimic the dark matter-nucleus scattering signals.In this paper,we present an improved evaluation of the neutron background in the PandaX-II dark matter experiment by a novel approach.Instead of fully relying on the Monte Carlo simulation,the overall neutron background is determined from the neutron-induced high energy signals in the data.In addition,the probability of producing a dark-matter-like background per neutron is evaluated with a complete Monte Carlo generator,where the correlated emission of neutron(s)andγ(s)in the(α,n)reactions and spontaneous fissions is taken into consideration.With this method,the neutron backgrounds in the Run 9(26-ton-day)and Run 10(28-ton-day)data sets of PandaX-II are estimated to be(0.66±0.24)and(0.47±0.25)events,respectively.     

Stress Relaxation Behaviors of Monocrystalline Silicon Coated with Amorphous SiO2 Film:A Molecular Dynamics Study

Long-lasting constant loading commonly exists in silicon-based microelectronic con-tact,as well as the chemical mechanical polishing area.In this work,the stres...     

Synthesis of Fibrin-Type I Collagen Biomaterials via an Acidic Gel

Fibrin-Type I collagen composite gels have been widely studied as biomaterials, in which both networks are usually formed simultaneously at a neutral pH. Here, we describe a new protocol in which mixed concentrated solutions of collagen and fibrinogen were first incubated at acidic pH to induce fibrinogen gel formation, followed by a pH change to neutral inducing collagen fiber formation. Thrombin was then added to form fibrin-collagen networks. Using this protocol, mixed gels containing 20 mg.mL⁻¹ fibrin and up to 10 mg.mL⁻¹ collagen could be prepared. Macroscopic observations evidenced that increasing the content of collagen increases the turbidity of the gels and decreases their shrinkage during the fibrinogen-to-fibrin conversion. The presence of collagen had a minor influence on the rheological properties of the gels. Electron microscopy allowed for observation of collagen fibers within the fibrin network. 2D cultures of C2C12 myoblasts on mixed gels revealed that the presence of collagen favors proliferation and local alignment of the cells. However, it interferes with cell differentiation and myotube formation, suggesting that further control of in-gel collagen self-assembly is required to elaborate fully functional biomaterials.     

酰基硫脲衍生物的合成、结构表征及生物活性研究

在超声波辐射下, 以PEG-400为固-液相转移催化剂, 用芳胺与双酰基异硫氰酸酯反应, 合成出了15种新的结构不对称的双酰基硫脲类化合物(6和6')和9种新的分子中含酰胺基团的单酰基硫脲类化合物(7和7'). 利用元素分析, IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, APT, 1D NOE及2D NMR技术确定了所合成化合物6和6'及7和7'的结构, 并对它们NMR谱中低场C, H进行了归属. 杀菌、杀虫和除草活性筛选测定实验结果表明, 所测试化合物对瓜炭疽病菌均具有抑制作用, 其中6e抑制率最高, 达到62.4%; 目标化合物7a对黄瓜白粉病菌有一定的抑制作用. 单胺氧化酶活性测定实验表明：大部分目标化合物对单胺氧化酶具有一定的抑制活性, 其中浓度在1×10^－3 mol•L^－1时目标化合物6'c和6'd的抑制活性较强, 明显高于其它化合物. 目标化合物没有抗惊厥活性.     

Crystal Structure and Activity against Acetaminophen-induced Hepatotoxicity of a Potassium Complex with Taurine-5-bromosalicylaldehyde Schiff Bases

A novel potassium complex KC9H9NO4SBr has been synthesized and characterized by IR spectra and single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The crystal belongs to orthorhombic, space group Pbca with a = 0.74040（15）, b = 0.74960（15）, c = 4.2620（9） nm, V = 2.3654（8） nm^3, Mr = 346.24, Dc = 1.945 g/cm^3, Z = 8, F（000） = 1376, μ（MoKa） = 4.005mm^-1, GOOF = 1.021, R = 0.0471 and wR = 0.0872. In the crystal, the potassium ion is typically eight-coordinated, surrounded by eight O atoms from six （E）-2-（5-bromo-2-hydroxy-benzyli-deneamino）ethanesulfonate anions. The neighboring potassium ions are bridged by sulfonate groups into a two-dimensional layer structure, above and below which the 5-bromo-2-hydroxy-benzene rings are protruded. The activity against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity of this complex was also studied, and found it can protect liver from hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen （AAP） to some extent.     

A new inorganic–organic hybrid compound constructed from polyoxoanions and rare earth coordination complexes

A new chainlike polymer, Na[Ce(dipic)(H₂O)₃]₂ [CrMo₆H₆O₂₄] · 13H₂O (H₂dipic = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid) (1), has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis; IR and XPS spectroscopy, TG analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound (1) is built up of Anderon-type polyoxoanions as structural motifs and cerium–dipic coordination fragments as linkers to yield an unprecedented one-dimensional chain. Such chains are further in close contact forming a three-dimensional supramolecular framework with channels via extensive hydrogen-bonding interactions among polyoxoanions, dipic ligands and water molecules. Furthermore, the magnetic properties of compound (1) have been studied by measuring their magnetic susceptibility in the temperature range 2–300 K.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF N-（1-NAPHTHYL） SUCCINIMIDE

In this paper a modified two-step procedure for synthesis of N-（1-naphthyl） suecinimide （NaS） was developed, and the molecular structure of NaS was properly characterized by XRD, FT-IR, 1H NMR, DSC, etc. The results show that the melting point of our product is 159 ℃-160.5 ℃, and the characteristic infrared absorption band of carbonyl group splits into two peaks （1705cm^-3/1779cm^-3）, which are found to be quite different from the documented data （rap 147℃ -149℃; IR C=0-1700cm^-3）. Besides, photophysical spectroscopy was found to be powerful to study the molecular structure and crystal morphology of NaS compound.