Water Dynamics in Starch Based Confectionery Products including Different Types of Sugar

Starch-based confectionery products were prepared using different types of sugar. In addition to using different sugar, starch was replaced with soy protein isolate (SPI) in some of the products. ¹H NMR spin-lattice relaxation experiments were performed for the collection of products in a broad frequency range from 4 KHz to 30 MHz to get insight into the influence of different sugar types and SPI on the dynamics of water in composite gel systems. The relaxation data have been decomposed into relaxation contributions associated with two different pools of water molecules characterized by different mobility. The translation dynamics of water molecules has been quantitatively described in terms of a dedicated relaxation model. The influence of the sample composition (the type of sugar and/or the presence of SPI) on the water mobility was thoroughly discussed. The results indicate that the addition of soy protein does not affect water dynamics for samples including sucrose. In addition, as the complementary measurements, physical properties of the products, such as the moisture content, water activity and texture, were investigated in terms of X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis.     

Limiting distribution for a simple model of order book dynamics

A continuous-time model for the limit order book dynamics is considered. The set of outstanding limit orders is modeled as a pair of random counting measures and the limiting distribution of this pair of measure-valued processes is obtained under suitable conditions on the model parameters. The limiting behavior of the bid-ask spread and the midpoint of the bid-ask interval are also characterized.     

Base-Catalyzed Autocondensation of Cyclohexanone

Autocondensation of cyclohexanone in air at 119-137°C, catalyzed with a solid alkali, was studied.     

Forced nonlinear oscillations of cylindrical shells interacting with fluid flow

The dynamic interaction of thin cylindrical shells with the fluid flow inside them under external periodic loads is studied. A technique is proposed to calculate the parameters of forced nonlinear oscillations of shells with a fluid moving with nearly critical velocities. The amplitude-frequency characteristics of the fluid-shell system under steady-state oscillation are plotted __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 91–99, April 2006.     

Upper Bounds for the Hausdorff Dimension and Stratification of an Invariant Set of an Evolution System on a Hilbert Manifold

We prove a generalization of the well-known Douady–Oesterlé theorem on the upper bound for the Hausdorff dimension of an invariant set of a finite-dimensional mapping to the case of a smooth mapping generating a dynamical system on an infinite-dimensional Hilbert manifold. A similar estimate is given for the invariant set of a dynamical system generated by a differential equation on a Hilbert manifold. As an example, the well-known sine-Gordon equation is considered. In addition, we propose an algorithm for the Whitney stratification of semianalytic sets on finite-dimensional manifolds.     

Determination of the rate constant of oxygen quenching of the excited states of molecules from the singlet oxygen luminescence

We have pioneered a method of determining the rate constant of quenching of the excited electronic states of molecules by molecular oxygen from measurements of the kinetics of photosensitized luminescence of singlet molecular oxygen (^lδ_g). The method can be used in the case where the lifetime of the excited electronic state in an air-saturated solution is comparable with or larger than the luminescence time of the singlet molecular oxygen in the given solvent. It is shown that this situation is implemented on quenching, by molecular oxygen, of the excited triplet states associated with the biopolymers of tetrapyrrole molecules in aqueous (H₂O and D₂O) solutions. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 67, No. 3, pp. 401–404, May–June, 2000.     

Partial Phonon Density of States of Dysprosium and its Compounds Measured Using Inelastic Nuclear Resonance Scattering

Inelastic nuclear resonance scattering measurements, utilizing a submilli eV monochromator, were performed on natural Dy metal, dysprosium oxide, and intermetallic Laves and Chevrel phase dysprosium compounds. The inelastic spectrum directly yields the partial phonon density of states, and thus provides a wealth of information about the modes of vibration occurring in a lattice at the Mössbauer Dy site. The extraction of the partial phonon density of states from a broad range of materials containing dysprosium demonstrates the feasibility of material science studies.