Observation of the "self-healing" of an error field island in the large helical device

It was observed that the vacuum magnetic island produced by an external error magnetic field in the large helical device shrank in the presence of plasma. This was evidenced by the disappearance of flat regions in the electron temperature profile obtained by Thomson scattering. This island behavior depended on the magnetic configuration in which the plasmas were produced.     

Energy spectrum of cosmic-ray neutrinos in the atmosphere

Summary The energy spectrum of cosmic-ray neutrinos in the atmosphere has been calculated for the neutrino energy from 0.2 GeV to 10⁸ GeV by taking into account the results of p-p collision, p-nucleus collision, nucleus-nucleus collision, the energy spectrum of primary cosmic rays, momentum spectrum and charge ratio of cosmic-ray muons measured by MUTRON, and the production of prompt neutrinos in the decay of charmed particles. Our result on neutrino intensity is in good agreement with the result of Osborneet al. for the horizontal direction if their muon spectrum has been corrected, and also with the result of Volkova for the vertical direction except for the lower energies. For the horizontal direction the intensity of prompt muon-neutrinos exceeds that of muonneutrinos from the conventional processes at the neutrino energy of 10⁶ GeV and also the intensity of prompt electron-neutrinos exceeds that of electron-neutrinos from the conventional processes at the energy of 10⁵ GeV. The corresponding values for the vertical direction are 10⁵ GeV and 10⁴ GeV, respectively. In the energy region from 0.3 GeV to 3 GeV, the expected value for the ratio of intensity of electron-neutrino to that of muon-neutrino is obtained as 0.42±0.08 and this is excellent agreement with the experimental value 0.36±0.13 of NUSEX group.

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Riassunto è stato calcolato lo spettro d’energia dei neutrini dei raggi cosmici nell’atmosfera per un’energia neutrinica da 0.2 a 10⁸ GeV tenendo conto dei risultati delle collisioni p-p, p-nucleo, nucleo-nucleo, dello spettro d’energia dei raggi cosmici primari, dello spettro dell’impulso e del rapporto di carica dei muoni dei raggi cosmici misurato da MUTRON e dalla produzione di neutrini pronti nel decadimento di particelle con charm. Il nostro risultato sull’intensità dei neutrini è in buon accordo con il risultato di Osborneet al. per la direzione orizzontale se il loro spettro muonico viene corretto, ed anche con il risultato di Volkova per la direzione verticale tranne che per le energie piú basse. Per la direzione orizzontale l’intensità dei neutrini muonici pronti è maggiore di quella dei neutrini muonici che derivano dai processi convenzionali ad energia neutrinica di 10⁶ GeV ed anche l’intensità dei neutrini elettronici pronti è maggiore di quella dei neutrini elettronici che derivano dai processi convenzionali all’energia di 10⁵ GeV. I valori corrispondenti per la direzione verticale sono rispettivamente 10⁵ e 10⁴ GeV. Nella regione d’energia tra 0.3 e 3 GeV, il valore atteso ottenuto per il rapporto tra l’intensità dei neutrini elettronici e quella dei neutrini muonici è 0.42±0.08 e questo è in accordo eccellente con il valore sperimentale 0.36±0.13 del gruppo NUSEX.

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Ёнергетический спектр нейтрино космических лучей в атмосфере

Резюме Вычисляется Энергетический спектр нейтрино космических лучей в атмосфере для Энергий нейтрино от 0.2 ГЭВ до 10⁸ ГЭВ, учитывая р-р соударения, р-ядерные соударения, ядерно-ядерные соударения, Энергетический спектр первичных космических лучей, импульсный спектр и зарядовое отнощение мюонов космических лучей, измеренных с помошью МUTRON, и образование нейтрино в распадах очарованных частиц. Нащ результат для интенсивности нейтрино хорощо согласуется с результатом Осборна и др. для горизонтального направления, если их мюонный спектр является правильным, а также с результатом Волковой для вертикального направления, за исключением низких Энергий. Для горизонтального направления интенсивность мгновенных мюонных нейтрино превыщает интенсивность мюон-ных нейтрино из обычных процессов при Энергиях нейтрино 10⁶ ГЭВ. Йнтенсивность мгновенных Электронных нейтрино превыщает интенсивность Электронных нейтрино из обычных процессов при Энергии 10⁵ ГЭВ. Соответствуюшие величины для вертикального направления соответственно равны 10⁵ ГЭВ и ДО⁴ ГЭВ. В области Энергий от 0.3 ГЭВ до 3 ГЭВ ожидаемая величина отнощения интенсивностей Электронных нейтрино к интенсивности мюонных нейтрино составляет 0.42±0.08. Ёта величина прекрасно согласуется с Экспериментальным результатом 0.36±0.13, полученным группой

     

Symmetrization of Nonsymmetric Macdonald Polynomials and Macdonald's Inner Product Identities

We study the Macdonald polynomials that give eigenstates of some quantum many-body system with long-range interactions. Scalar products of the nonsymmetric Macdonald polynomials are algebraically evaluated through their Rodrigues-type formulas. We present a new proof of Macdonald's inner product identities without recourse to the shift operators; that is, we calculate square norms of the Macdonald polynomials through Weyl-symmetrization of those of the nonsymmetric Macdonald polynomials.     

Supplement: Efficient weak second order stochastic Runge-Kutta methods for non-commutative Stratonovich stochastic differential equations

This paper gives a modification of a class of stochastic Runge-Kutta methods proposed in a paper by Komori (2007). The slight modification can reduce the computational costs of the methods significantly.     

Optical CO(2) sensor of the combination of colorimetric change of alpha-naphtholphthalein in poly(isobutyl methacrylate) and fluorescent porphyrin in polystyrene

An optical CO₂ sensor based on the overlay of the CO₂ induced absorbance change of pH indicator dye α-naphtholphthalein in poly(isobutyl methacrylate) (polyIBM) layer with the fluorescence of tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) in polystyrene layer is developed. The observed luminescence intensity from TPP at 655 nm increased with increasing the CO₂ concentration. The ratio I₁₀₀/I₀ value of the sensing film consisting of α-naphtholphthalein in polyIBM and TPP in polystyrene layer, where I₀ and I₁₀₀ represent the detected luminescence intensities from a layer exposed to argon and CO₂ saturated conditions, respectively, that the sensitivity of the sensor, is estimated to be 192. The response and recovery times of the sensing film are less than 6.0 s for switching from argon to CO₂, and for switching from CO₂ to argon. The signal changes are fully reversible and no hysterisis is observed during the measurements. The highly sensitive optical CO₂ sensor based on fluorescence intensity changes of TPP due to the absorption change of α-naphtholphthalein in polyIBM layer with CO₂ is achieved.     

Field desorption mass spectrometry of natural products—I: Steroid- and triterpene saponins

Field desorption mass spectra of underivatized oligoglycosides of spirostanol and its congeners and of hederagenin revealed the molecular weight and structural information. The basic predominance of the formation of stable ions of highly polar natural products (with 5–17 free OH functions) is clearly demonstrated. After the extraction and purification procedure from plant material the samples contained inorganic salts in concentrations between 0.01 and 0.1%. These salt impurities, mostly alkali halides, strongly promoted the attachment of alkali cations to the intact molecules and their fragments. The ions produced gave analytical information not only for the confirmation of the molecular weight but also for the identity of the aglycone and, to some extent, for the sequence of the sugars in the oligoglycosides. All spectra were recorded on photoplates at a resolution of better than 15000 and enabled the evaluation of the elemental composition of the ions generated. The drawbacks and merits of integrating ion recording using the photoplate for FD investigations of highly polar substances are discussed.     

Variable range hopping in Si:P at very low temperature

The resistivity of doped semiconductor Si: P in the intermidiate concentration range was measured in low temperature region down to 10 mK. In the lowest temperatures Mott's formula for the variable range hopping is shown to be not applicable and T^-n-like temperature dependence of resistivity is confirmed. The Importance of the level correlation in the random system is discussed.     

Total Synthesis of Taxol Enabled by Inter- and Intramolecular Radical Coupling Reactions

Taxol is a clinically used drug for the treatment of various types of cancers. Its 6/8/6/4-membered ring (ABCD-ring) system is substituted by eight oxygen functional groups and flanked by four acyl groups, including a β-amino acid side chain. Here we report a 34-step total synthesis of this unusually oxygenated and intricately fused structure. Inter- and intramolecular radical coupling reactions connected the A- and C-ring fragments and cyclized the B-ring, respectively. Functional groups of the A- and C-rings were then efficiently decorated by employing newly developed chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective reactions. Finally, construction of the D-ring and conjugation with the β-amino acid delivered taxol. The powerful coupling reactions and functional group manipulations implemented in the present synthesis provide new valuable information for designing multistep target-oriented syntheses of diverse bioactive natural products.