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51.
Almost all studies of vortex states in helium II have been concerned with either ordered vortex arrays or disordered vortex tangles. This work numerically studies what happens in the presence of both rotation (which induces order) and thermal counterflow (which induces disorder). We find a new statistically steady state in which the vortex tangle is polarized along the rotational axis. Our results are used to interpret an instability that was discovered experimentally by Swanson et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 190 (1983)]] and the vortex state beyond the instability that has been unexplained until now. 相似文献
52.
Q. Hu H. Araki H. Suzuki N. Ishikawa W. Yang T. Noda 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2003,76(4):561-563
A few of the interesting structures made by the assemblage of Si-Ge nanowires fabricated by the floating-zone melting-vapor
method have been observed. They reveal shapes that are similar to coral, jellyfish and sea anemones. The pre-sintered substrate
bar has some large crystalline particles (1–15 μm), which produce sites that are energetically predisposed to nucleation.
The peculiar structures created by the assemblage of Si-Ge nanowires form on favored nucleation sites that consist of numerous
bundles of nanowires with diameters of 20–50 nm. The periodic variation in the diameter of the bundles of nanowires is a common
feature of these structures. In addition, a growth mechanism assisted by the coexistence of Ge and Si-Ge oxides is suggested.
The growth process of these assemblages opens up new possibilities for the study of the growth mechanism of Si-Ge nanowires.
Received: 25 July 2002 / Accepted: 9 September 2002 / Published online: 17 December 2002
RID="*"
ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: 81-298/59-2736, E-mail: HU.Quanli@nims.go.jp 相似文献
53.
[reaction: see text] Enantioselective synthesis of attenols A and B was accomplished by using diastereoselective hydroboration, Lindlar reduction, and acid-catalyzed acetal formation. 相似文献
54.
A reductive transmetalation of the pi-allylpalladium(II) complexes, generated in situ from a catalytic amount of a palladium(0) complex and a variety of allylic substrates, with indium(I) salts proceeded smoothly in various solvents, providing a new route for allylindium(III) reagents. 相似文献
55.
56.
Abstract 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-D-glucopyranose (1) was successfully transformed to an anomeric mixture of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-O-(methylthio)thiocarbonyl-D-glucopyranose (2) by liquid - liquid and solid - liquid phase transfer methods. Similar anomeric free sugar derivatives bearing acetyl or benzoyl protective groups were also smoothly converted to the corresponding 1-O-(methylthio)thiocarbonyl derivatives. Thermal rearrangement of 1-O-(methylthio)thiocarbonylfuranose derivatives proceeded well to give 1-S-methylthiocarbonyl-1-thiofuranose derivatives. 相似文献
57.
Jun Araki 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2011,49(10):2199-2209
Four types of ionic polyrotaxane (PR) derivatives, that is, carboxymethylated, sulfoethylated, diethylaminoethylated, and trimethylammoniohydroxypropylated PRs, were successfully prepared starting from the same PR consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) as an axis and α‐cyclodextrins as ring molecules. The structures of the ionic PR derivatives were analyzed by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), attenuated‐total reflection Fourier transform‐infrared, and colloidal titration. Degrees of substitution of the ionic PRs were calculated from results of 1H NMR and colloidal titrations; both sets of results satisfactorily agreed. Cross‐linking of sulfoethylated and quaternized PRs yielded ionic slide‐ring gels carrying sulfoethyl and quaternary ammonium groups on the mobile cross‐links, respectively. The former gel showed intriguing phenomena, including a large degree of swelling of up to 1147, drastic change in its swelling ratio by the presence of electrolyte and bending under a moderate applied electric field (7 V/cm). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011 相似文献
58.
59.
K. Araki T. Yoshikawa I. Ishii T. Goto H. Tanida B. Lüthi 《Physica B: Condensed Matter》2009,404(19):3187-3190
We performed ultrasonic measurements on a single crystal of PrMg3. The characteristic Curie-type softening was observed in temperature dependence of transverse mode (C11-C12)/2 below 8 K down to 0.8 K. This softening in PrMg3 is caused by a non-Kramers Γ3 doublet ground state having electric quadrupoles Ou and Ov and magnetic octupole Txyz. The elastic constant (C11-C12)/2 shows a minimum at 25 K, which cannot be explained by the quadrupole susceptibility based on the crystal electric field (CEF) levels. However, considering higher order (l=4) multipole, namely electric hexadecapole, the minimum around 25 K was well reproduced. At lower temperatures, a shoulder anomaly in elastic constant being deviated from the Curie-type softening was observed around 100-800 mK in (C11-C12)/2. This anomaly is unaffected by magnetic fields up to 14 T. 相似文献
60.