全文获取类型
收费全文 | 593篇 |
免费 | 18篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 433篇 |
晶体学 | 9篇 |
力学 | 3篇 |
数学 | 25篇 |
物理学 | 143篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 6篇 |
2019年 | 4篇 |
2018年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 6篇 |
2015年 | 11篇 |
2014年 | 11篇 |
2013年 | 26篇 |
2012年 | 25篇 |
2011年 | 22篇 |
2010年 | 14篇 |
2009年 | 19篇 |
2008年 | 28篇 |
2007年 | 39篇 |
2006年 | 49篇 |
2005年 | 47篇 |
2004年 | 33篇 |
2003年 | 38篇 |
2002年 | 23篇 |
2001年 | 17篇 |
2000年 | 17篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 4篇 |
1969年 | 4篇 |
1968年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有613条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Almost all studies of vortex states in helium II have been concerned with either ordered vortex arrays or disordered vortex tangles. This work numerically studies what happens in the presence of both rotation (which induces order) and thermal counterflow (which induces disorder). We find a new statistically steady state in which the vortex tangle is polarized along the rotational axis. Our results are used to interpret an instability that was discovered experimentally by Swanson et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 190 (1983)]] and the vortex state beyond the instability that has been unexplained until now. 相似文献
42.
Q. Hu H. Araki H. Suzuki N. Ishikawa W. Yang T. Noda 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2003,76(4):561-563
A few of the interesting structures made by the assemblage of Si-Ge nanowires fabricated by the floating-zone melting-vapor
method have been observed. They reveal shapes that are similar to coral, jellyfish and sea anemones. The pre-sintered substrate
bar has some large crystalline particles (1–15 μm), which produce sites that are energetically predisposed to nucleation.
The peculiar structures created by the assemblage of Si-Ge nanowires form on favored nucleation sites that consist of numerous
bundles of nanowires with diameters of 20–50 nm. The periodic variation in the diameter of the bundles of nanowires is a common
feature of these structures. In addition, a growth mechanism assisted by the coexistence of Ge and Si-Ge oxides is suggested.
The growth process of these assemblages opens up new possibilities for the study of the growth mechanism of Si-Ge nanowires.
Received: 25 July 2002 / Accepted: 9 September 2002 / Published online: 17 December 2002
RID="*"
ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: 81-298/59-2736, E-mail: HU.Quanli@nims.go.jp 相似文献
43.
[reaction: see text] Enantioselective synthesis of attenols A and B was accomplished by using diastereoselective hydroboration, Lindlar reduction, and acid-catalyzed acetal formation. 相似文献
44.
A reductive transmetalation of the pi-allylpalladium(II) complexes, generated in situ from a catalytic amount of a palladium(0) complex and a variety of allylic substrates, with indium(I) salts proceeded smoothly in various solvents, providing a new route for allylindium(III) reagents. 相似文献
45.
46.
Abstract— Irradiation of near-UV light in the presence of FeCl3 caused oxidation of adenosine with concomitant reduction of Fe(III) under either aerobic or anaerobic atmosphere. Major photoproducts were adenine and adenosine-5'-aldehyde, showing that oxidation took place mostly at the ribose moiety of adenosine. Detailed study showed that the reaction proceeded by the light absorption due to Fe(III) at 300-350 nm. 相似文献
47.
Tsunehisa Hirashita Yousuke Hayashi Kazuma Mitsui Shuki Araki 《Tetrahedron letters》2004,45(16):3225-3228
Vinyl and methylindium ate complexes (indates) were prepared and both the tendency of immigration and regioselectivity toward cinnamyl bromide were investigated. The vinyl group was more preferably transferred than the Me group, giving a regioisomeric mixture of SN2 and SN2′ products. The ratio of SN2/SN2′ selectivity can be controlled by solvents; in the presence of polar solvents, such as N-butylpyrrolidone (NBP) and THF, the SN2′ product was mainly obtained, whereas the SN2 product was selectively prepared in solutions containing hexane. The vinylindium compound, generated by the reaction of allylic-type diindium reagents with imine, was also converted to the corresponding vinyl indate, which was allowed to react with allyl chloride to give a three-component coupling product. 相似文献
48.
Nakamura T Ikemoto JY Fujitsuka M Araki Y Ito O Takimiya K Aso Y Otsubo T 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2005,109(30):14365-14374
The dramatic changes of the lifetimes of the charge-separated (CS) states were confirmed in zinc porphyrin (ZnP)-oligothiophene (nT)-fullerene (C(60)) linked triads (ZnP-nT-C(60)) with the solvent polarity. After the selective excitation of the ZnP moiety of ZnP-nT-C(60), an energy transfer took place from the (1)ZnP moiety to the C(60) moiety, generating ZnP-nT-(1)C(60). In polar solvents, the CS process also took place directly via the (1)ZnP moiety, generating ZnP(*+)-nT-C(60)(*-), as well as the energy transfer to the C(60) moiety. After this energy transfer, an indirect CS process took place from the (1)C(60) moiety. In the less polar solvent anisole, the radical cation (hole) of ZnP(*+)-nT-C(60)(*-) shifted to the nT moiety; thus, the nT moiety behaves as a cation trapper, and the rates of the hole shift were evaluated to be in the order of 10(8) s(-1); then, the final CS states ZnP-nT(*+)-C(60)(*-) were lasting for 6-7 mus. In the medium polar solvent o-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB), ZnP-nT(*+)-C(60)(*-) and ZnP(*+)-nT-C(60)(*-) were present as an equilibrium, because both states have almost the same thermodynamic stability. This equilibrium resulted in quite long lifetimes of the CS states (450-910 mus) in o-DCB. In the more polar benzonitrile, the generation of ZnP-nT(*+)-C(60)(*-) was confirmed with apparent short lifetimes (0.6-0.8 mus), which can be explained by the fast hole shift to more stable ZnP(*+)-nT-C(60)(*-) followed by the faster charge recombination. It was revealed that the relation between the energy levels of two CS states, which strongly depend on the solvent polarity, causes dramatic changes of the lifetimes of the CS states in ZnP-nT-C(60); that is, the most appropriate solvents for the long-lived CS state are intermediately polar solvents such as o-DCB. Compared with our previous data for H(2)P-nT-C(60), in which H(2)P is free-base porphyrin, the lifetimes of the CS states of ZnP-nT-C(60) are approximately 30 times longer than those in o-DCB. 相似文献
49.
Kyoji Tsubakiyama Togoro Matsuo Takashi Sasaki Kenzo Yoshida Takashi Fujimura Kunio Araki 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1979,17(1):173-184
γ-Ray-induced polymerizations of ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate (FMMA) in crystalline and amorphous states were investigated with kinetical and ESR methods. In the crystalline state the polymerization of FMMA proceeded slowly and gave low-molecular-weight polymers, whereas in the amorphous state it proceeded rapidly and gave polymers of much higher molecular weight. Molecular weight distributions of these polymers were binodal. The temperature dependence and the dose-rate dependence of the polymerization rates were different between the two states. Wide-line nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the amorphous monomer suggested that the polymerization proceeded in a supercooled state. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of γ-irradiated FMMA and 1,1′-ferrocenyl-di(methyl methacrylate) showed that ferrocene radicals and methacrylic radicals were formed simultaneously at low temperature; with increasing temperature the former radicals disappeared, whereas the latter changed into growing chain radicals. The yields of radicals were relatively low; this means that ferrocene groups in the monomers behave as a radiation energy absorber. 相似文献
50.
Keisuke Araki 《Optical Review》2000,7(3):221-229
We have established a new method of aberration analysis for off-axial optical systems which are generalized concepts of co-axial optical systems, by introducing two kinds of newly defined 4-element vectors and expanding these vectors with the help of tensor algebra. In this method, since aberration properties are represented in tensor form, we can easily formulate the aberration relations between different azimuths. We can then evaluate the azimuth dependence of aberration properties in greater detail by separating them into inherent optical properties parts, which are independent of azimuths, and the paraxial ray-tracing part, which includes the expression of the evaluation azimuth. 相似文献