Effects of adsorbed carbon and oxygen on the chemisorption of H2 and Co on Mo(100)

The deposit of carbon and oxygen adatoms on Mo(100) was characterized by AES and LEED. Carbon was introduced by the thermal cracking of ethylene; several ordered structures were observed as a function of coverage with carbon atoms residing on four-fold sites. The Mo(100)—O system exhibited two different sequences of LEED patterns depending on the adsorption temperature of oxygen. The effects of adsorbed carbon and oxygen on the chemisorption properties of Mo(100) was investigated by FDS. The presence of either carbon or oxygen severely hindered the ability of Mo(100) to dissociatively adsorb hydrogen or carbon monoxide. The amount of CO dissociated was directly related to the available four-fold sites on the carbide surfaces. The molecular adsorption of CO was not significantly affected by the adlayers. It was found that one monolayer of adsorbed oxygen reduced the binding energy of molecular CO considerably more than the same amount of adsorbed carbon. A continuous shift in the binding energy of CO with the C/O ratio on the surface was observed.     

The hilbert function and the minimal free resolution of some gorenstein ideals of codimension 4

We give a construction for Gorenstein ideals of codimension 4 which we believe have maximal graded Betti numbers for their Hilbert function.     

Equivalence of the (Generalised) Hadamard and Microlocal Spectrum Condition for (Generalised) Free Fields in Curved Spacetime

We prove that the singularity structure of all n-point distributions of a state of a generalised real free scalar field in curved spacetime can be estimated if the two-point distribution is of Hadamard form. In particular this applies to the free field and the result has applications in perturbative quantum field theory, showing that the class of all Hadamard states is the state space of interest. In our proof we assume that the field is a generalised free field, i.e. that it satisfies scalar (c-number) commutation relations, but it need not satisfy an equation of motion. The same arguments also work for anti-commutation relations and for vector-valued fields. To indicate the strengths and limitations of our assumption we also prove the analogues of a theorem by Borchers and Zimmermann on the self-adjointness of field operators and of a weak form of the Jost-Schroer theorem. The original proofs of these results make use of analytic continuation arguments. In our case no analyticity is assumed, but to some extent the scalar commutation relations can take its place.     

Transient time in homogeneous nucleation

The problem of the transient time in nucleation is studied. The size-dependent transient time at a constant temperature is defined and the approximate analytical solution is found and compared with the exact numerical solution for the model Li₂O.2 SiO₂ melt. It is shown that the analytical solution for the size-dependent transient time is in agreement with the numerical result.     

1X2 and 2X2 SOI Switch Applying in Optical Communication Network

We proposed a 1 × 2 and 2×2 SOI switches for applying in fiber optic communication network. The optical path loss and signal-to-noise ratio are evaluated and compared in this paper.     

Signature invariants of covering links

We apply the theory of signature invariants of links in rational homology spheres to covering links of homology boundary links. From patterns and Seifert matrices of homology boundary links, we derive an explicit formula to compute signature invariants of their covering links. Using the formula, we produce fused boundary links that are positive mutants of ribbon links but are not concordant to boundary links. We also show that for any finite collection of patterns, there are homology boundary links that are not concordant to any homology boundary links admitting a pattern in the collection.

     

Observation of B(s)(0) → D(s)(*)+ D(s)(*)- using e+ e- collisions and a determination of the B(s)-B(s) width difference ΔΓ(s)

We have made the first observation of B(s)(0)→D(s)(*)+ D(s)(*)- decays using 23.6 fb(-1) of data recorded by the Belle experiment running on the Υ(5S) resonance. The branching fractions are measured to be B(B(s)(0)→D(s)+ D(s)-)=(1.03(-0.32-0.25)(+0.39+0.26))%, B(B(s)(0)→D(s)(*±) D(s)(?))=(2.75(-0.71)(+0.83)±0.69)%, and B(B(s)(0)→D(s)*+ D(s)*-)=(3.08(-1.04-0.86)(+1.22+0.85))%; the sum is B[B(s)(0)→D(s)(*)+ D(s)(*)-]=(6.85(-1.30-1.80)(+1.53+1.79))%. Assuming B(s)(0)→D(s)(*)+ D(s)(*)- saturates decays to CP-even final states, the branching fraction determines the ratio ΔΓ(s)/cosφ, where ΔΓ(s) is the difference in widths between the two B(s)-B(s) mass eigenstates, and φ is a CP-violating weak phase. Taking CP violation to be negligibly small, we obtain ΔΓ(s)/Γ(s)=0.147(-0.030)(+0.036)(stat)(-0.041)(+0.042)(syst), where Γ(s) is the mean decay width.     

Deficiency of optineurin enhances osteoclast differentiation by attenuating the NRF2-mediated antioxidant response

Abnormally increased resorption contributes to bone degenerative diseases such as Paget’s disease of bone (PDB) through unclear mechanisms. Recently, the optineurin (OPTN) gene has been implicated in PDB, and global OPTN knockout mice (Optn^−/−) were shown to exhibit increased formation of osteoclasts (osteoclastogenesis). Growing evidence, including our own, has demonstrated that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulated by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) can act as signaling molecules to promote osteoclastogenesis. Here, we report that OPTN interacts with nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), the master regulator of the antioxidant response, defining a pathway through which RANKL-induced ROS could be regulated for osteoclastogenesis. In this study, monocytes from Optn^−/− and wild-type (Optn^+/+) mice were utilized to differentiate into osteoclasts, and both qRT-PCR and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining showed that the Optn^−/− monocytes exhibited enhanced osteoclastogenesis compared to the Optn^+/+ cells. CellROX^® staining, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting indicated that OPTN deficiency reduced the basal expression of Nrf2, inhibited the expression of NRF2-responsive antioxidants, and increased basal and RANKL-induced intracellular ROS levels, leading to enhanced osteoclastogenesis. Coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) showed direct interaction, and immunofluorescence staining showed perinuclear colocalization of the OPTN-NRF2 granular structures during differentiation. Finally, curcumin and the other NRF2 activators attenuated the hyperactive osteoclastogenesis induced by OPTN deficiency. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel OPTN-mediated mechanism for regulating the NRF2-mediated antioxidant response in osteoclasts and extend the therapeutic potential of OPTN in the aging process resulting from ROS-triggered oxidative stress, which is associated with PDB and many other degenerative diseases.Subject terms: Mechanisms of disease, Stress signalling     

Accelerated hydrolysis of esters catalyzed by receptors, II. Degradation of RNA by polyvinylpyrrolidone

The nonenzymatic hydrolysis of RNA by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) has been investigated. A bell-shaped kinetics was observed when the first order rate constant of the reaction was ploted as a function of PVP concentration, which means the kinetic feature of PVP as a degradative receptor distinct from those of degradative enzymes (e.g., ribonuclease).