复杂条件下高分子材料老化规律、寿命预测与防治研究新进展

复杂条件下有机高分子材料的老化、寿命预测和防治研究对满足相关行业发展的迫切需求,实现节能减排、环境保护及可持续发展等战略目标具有重大意义。本文重点综述了近年来针对聚烯烃、工程塑料、橡胶、涂料等大宗高分子材料在我国复杂大气环境中的自然老化及人工模拟加速老化研究的新进展,对材料老化失效基本规律和分子机理、老化数据库的建立及老化分级图谱的绘制进行了介绍,探讨了户外自然环境和人工模拟环境下材料老化失效规律的对应关系、服役寿命理论的预测模型及失效防治延寿新方法,并对其中存在的问题及下一步发展方向进行了展望。     

非水毛细管电泳法区分蓝色圆珠笔油墨的研究

建立了一种基于非水毛细管电泳法区分蓝色圆珠笔油墨的方法.确定了笔迹中碱性染料(结晶紫、甲基紫、碱性品蓝、罗丹明6G、碱性艳蓝B和碱性艳蓝BO)的分离条件:缓冲溶液为1.00 mmol/L醋酸-100 mmol/L醋酸铵的甲醇-水(体积比90 ∶ 10)体系,分离电压和温度分别为25 kV和25 ℃,检测波长为214 nm.通过该方法分析了96支蓝色圆珠笔中的油墨,并依据油墨中所含的染料种类对圆珠笔进行分类,同一类笔又通过聚类分析计量学方法再次进行区分.该法重复性好,结果准确可靠,为圆珠笔字迹鉴定提供了一种科学的方法.     

多壁碳纳米管诱导A549细胞氧化应激与去极化线粒体膜电位

以人肺上皮细胞系A549为模型细胞, 探讨多壁碳纳米管的细胞毒性效应及其机制. A549细胞暴露于不同浓度(0~300 μg/mL)的多壁碳纳米管后, 用MTT比色法检测细胞活力和Hoechst 33342染色法观察细胞形态; 用活性氧(ROS)敏感探针2',7'-二氯荧光素二乙酸酯(DCFH-DA)结合流式细胞仪检测细胞内ROS水平; 用荧光探针JC-1结合激光共聚焦显微镜检测细胞线粒体膜电位ΔΨm的变化; 用免疫荧光和蛋白印迹法检测细胞氧化应激敏感蛋白血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)的表达水平. 结果表明, 多壁碳纳米管可引起A549细胞活性降低、细胞内活性氧ROS过量产生以及谷胱甘肽GSH含量下降, 诱导细胞氧化应激效应; 抗氧化剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)抑制多壁碳纳米管诱导的A549细胞内ROS的产生. 多壁碳纳米管处理A549细胞2 h后, 诱发细胞线粒体膜电位下降; 多壁碳纳米管诱导细胞氧化应激的同时伴有适应性应激蛋白HO-1的上调表达. 结果表明, 细胞氧化应激和线粒体膜电位去极化可能是多壁碳纳米管诱导A549细胞毒性效应的重要机制.     

Scheme to Implement Optimal Asymmetric Economical Phase-Covariant Quantum Cloning in Cavity QED

We propose an experimentally feasible scheme to implement the optimal asymmetric economical 1→2 phase-covariant quantum cloning in two dimensions based on the cavity QED technique. The protocol is very simple and only two atoms are required. Our scheme is insensitive to the cavity field states and cavity decay. During the processes, the cavity is only virtually excited and it thus greatly prolongs the efficient decoherent time. Therefore, it may be realized in experiment.     

HIT太阳电池衬底形貌修饰及其应用研究

在HIT太阳电池非晶硅沉积过程中,单晶硅衬底的绒面金字塔沟壑处易发生外延生长,影响电池输出性能.采用碱性体系(NaClO溶液)对硅片进行绒面形貌修饰,在NaOH的各向异性刻蚀和NaClO的氧化作用下,金字塔结构由尖锐的四面体向较圆滑的“锥形”转变,尤其金字塔底部变得平滑.随着形貌修饰时间的增加,样品表面平均反射率呈线性增大,从未修饰样品的12.48;升高至13.79;,钝化后硅片少子寿命显著提升,绒面形貌修饰有效改善了界面钝化质量,中长波外量子效率提升,从而实现电池电性能的提升.样品绒面形貌修饰45 min后,开路电压从656.3 mV升高至699.8 mV,转换效率提高1.8;.此外,研究了反应温度对表面形貌修饰及HIT太阳电池性能的影响,基于70℃、10; NaClO溶液、45 min的绒面修饰条件下制备的HIT太阳电池转换效率达到最高,为12.02;.     

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Biological Activity of Novel Dichloroacetyl Oxazolidine Herbicide Safeners

A series of novel N-dichloroacetyl oxazolidine herbicide safeners was synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction. The preliminary biological test shows that the compounds could protect maize against injury caused by chlorsulfuron to a certain extent.     

用化学溶液方法在Ni-5at%W基底上制备La2Zr2O7过渡层的研究

La2Zr2O7(LZO)过渡层以其独特的物理化学性质越来越受到人们的关注。本文以乙酰丙酮镧和乙酰丙酮锆为前驱盐,丙酸为溶剂配置前驱液,用化学溶液方法(CSD)在具有立方织构的Ni-5at%W基底上制备了LZO过渡层薄膜。研究了前驱液成分、性质以及退火温度对LZO成相以及取向的影响。用常规XRD和X射线四环衍射仪分析了LZO薄膜的相成分和织构。结果显示,在1050℃下退火可以获得强立方织构的LZO薄膜,其中(222)峰的Phi扫描半高宽值为8.95°;(400)峰的Chi扫描半高宽值为6.8°。用高分辨扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)观察到LZO薄膜表面均匀致密,没有裂纹和空洞。     

Electromagnetic Properties of YIG Polycrystalline Ceramics Fabricated by Tape-casting Method

Pure phase Y_3Fe_5O_(12) (YIG) ceramic was successfully produced by tape-casting forming process and one-step solid-state sintering method.The activation energy for densification was calculated to be 183.81 kJ/mol.Pure YIG ceramic with a relative density as high as 99.8%was fabricated.The existence of O vacancy and Fe~(2+)ions was determined by XPS and EPR spectra.The RT saturation magnetization was measured to be 28.2 emu/g,and the hysteresis loss was calculated to be smaller than 10 mJ/kg in the temperature range of 230～360 K and be as high as238.8 mJ/kg at 30 K.The dielectric loss tangent tan was nearly zero at 6～7 GHz and 11～12 GHz.For complex permeability in the frequency range of 5～18 GHz,the magnetic loss tangent tan fluctuated at around zero.Therefore,the low values of tan and tan indicate that it is a low loss ceramic material.     

Optimized Synthetic Protocols for Preparation of Versatile Plasmonic Platform Based on Silver Nanoparticles with Pentagonal Symmetries

The key findings in the synthesis and transformation of silver nanoparticles with pentagonal symmetries arising from regular multiple twinning are reported, researched in the last 5 years. In a one‐stage photochemical synthesis of silver decahedral (pentagonal bipyramid, J₁₃ solid) nanoparticles (AgDeNPs), oxidative etching by hydrogen peroxide is implemented to achieve complete conversion of the small silver platelet precursor NPs. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide is found to be optimal at 0.2 m . Such high peroxide concentration can be rationalized by its slow reactivity in a red‐ox equilibrium with borohydride and citrate. We have also adapted light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) as a light source and documented optimal exposure time, LED power, and wavelength range for convenient laboratory synthesis of high‐purity size‐selected AgDeNPs. In the absence of platelet impurities, AgDeNPs produce by the new‐generation procedure can be conveniently re‐grown into larger sizes using silver ions as a precursor. Thermal regrowth of new‐generation AgDeNPs into pentagonal silver nanorods (AgPRNPs, J₁₅ solid) can be reliably accomplished with the precise variation in rod length (by varying amounts of added silver) and width (by using different seed AgDeNPs). With the reported reproducible synthetic protocols that can be readily implemented in any chemistry laboratory, AgDeNPs and AgPRNPs should serve as a versatile plasmonic platform with a precisely tunable surface plasmon resonance (SPR) from ca. 430 nm (rounded AgDeNPs) to 1100+ nm (longitudinal SPR of longer AgPRNPs). The plasmonic platform based on the reported AgNPs with pentagonal symmetries should be practical for a diverse range of applications, especially plasmonic sensing and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy.     

环形压气机叶棚内部分离流结构分析 第二部分:流道内分离流

1前言认识压气机叶栅内部分离流动的结构和特性,对于揭示压气机内复杂的流动机制、改善叶栅气动性能、减少流动损失和提高压气机喘振裕度具有重要意义山。本文采用激光片光层加示踪粒子流场显示技术,观察和摄取了环形压气机叶栅在约十14”大攻角下的内部流动图像;采用七孔气