全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1024篇 |
免费 | 34篇 |
国内免费 | 9篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 745篇 |
晶体学 | 17篇 |
力学 | 20篇 |
数学 | 49篇 |
物理学 | 236篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 22篇 |
2021年 | 33篇 |
2020年 | 20篇 |
2019年 | 22篇 |
2018年 | 15篇 |
2017年 | 16篇 |
2016年 | 32篇 |
2015年 | 31篇 |
2014年 | 40篇 |
2013年 | 77篇 |
2012年 | 92篇 |
2011年 | 91篇 |
2010年 | 63篇 |
2009年 | 38篇 |
2008年 | 79篇 |
2007年 | 58篇 |
2006年 | 56篇 |
2005年 | 62篇 |
2004年 | 42篇 |
2003年 | 36篇 |
2002年 | 37篇 |
2001年 | 20篇 |
2000年 | 17篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1067条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Sun-Jae Kim E.G. Lee S.D. Park C.J. Jeon Y.H. Cho C.K. Rhee W.W. Kim 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2001,22(1-2):63-74
The photocatalytic characteristics of nanostructured TiO2 ultrafine powder with rutile phase produced using the homogeneous precipitation process at low temperatures (HPPLT) were compared with those of commercial P-25 TiO2 powder by flame hydrolysis. The TiO2 powder by the HPPLT showed much higher photoactivity in the removal rate, showing lower pH values in the solution than the P-25 powder when eliminating metal ions such as Pb and Cu from the aqueous metal-EDTA solutions. This can be inferred as the more rapid photo-oxidation or -reduction of metal ions from the aqueous solution, together with relatively higher efficiencies in the use of an electron-hole pair formed on the surface of the TiO2 particles under UV light irradiation. Also, in the view of the TiO2 particle morphology, compared to the well-dispersed spherical P-25 particles, the agglomerated TiO2 secondary particles by the HPPLT consist of acicular typed primary particles with a thickness in the range of 3–7 nm and the primary particles radialize in all directions, which would be more effective to photocatalytic reactions without the large electron-hole recombination on the surface of the TiO2 particle under UV light irradiation. It can be, therefore, thought that the higher photoactivity of the rutile TiO2 powder by the HPPLT in the aqueous solutions results mainly from having a larger surface area by the acicular shaped primary particles with very thin thickness and radialization in all directions. 相似文献
62.
Da-Jeong Chang Seung-Hun Oh Nayeon Lee Chunggab Choi Iksoo Jeon Hyun Sook Kim Dong Ah Shin Seo Eun Lee Daehong Kim Jihwan Song 《Experimental & molecular medicine》2013,45(11):e53
The transplantation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) is known to be a promising approach to ameliorating behavioral deficits after stroke in a rodent model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Previous studies have shown that transplanted NPCs migrate toward the infarct region, survive and differentiate into mature neurons to some extent. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of NPC migration following transplantation into stroke animals have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the fates of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived NPCs (ENStem-A) for 8 weeks following transplantation into the side contralateral to the infarct region using 7.0T animal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). T2- and T2*-weighted MRI analyses indicated that the migrating cells were clearly detectable at the infarct boundary zone by 1 week, and the intensity of the MRI signals robustly increased within 4 weeks after transplantation. Afterwards, the signals were slightly increased or unchanged. At 8 weeks, we performed Prussian blue staining and immunohistochemical staining using human-specific markers, and found that high percentages of transplanted cells migrated to the infarct boundary. Most of these cells were CXCR4-positive. We also observed that the migrating cells expressed markers for various stages of neural differentiation, including Nestin, Tuj1, NeuN, TH, DARPP-32 and SV38, indicating that the transplanted cells may partially contribute to the reconstruction of the damaged neural tissues after stroke. Interestingly, we found that the extent of gliosis (glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells) and apoptosis (TUNEL-positive cells) were significantly decreased in the cell-transplanted group, suggesting that hESC-NPCs have a positive role in reducing glia scar formation and cell death after stroke. No tumors formed in our study. We also performed various behavioral tests, including rotarod, stepping and modified neurological severity score tests, and found that the transplanted animals exhibited significant improvements in sensorimotor functions during the 8 weeks after transplantation. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that hESC-NPCs have the capacity to migrate to the infarct region, form neural tissues efficiently and contribute to behavioral recovery in a rodent model of ischemic stroke. 相似文献
63.
Lithium‐Ion Endohedral Fullerene (Li+@C60) Dopants in Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Induce Instant Doping and Anti‐Oxidation 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Il Jeon Dr. Hiroshi Ueno Seungju Seo Dr. Kerttu Aitola Ryosuke Nishikubo Prof. Akinori Saeki Dr. Hiroshi Okada Prof. Gerrit Boschloo Prof. Shigeo Maruyama Prof. Yutaka Matsuo 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(17):4607-4611
Herein, we report use of [Li+@C60]TFSI? as a dopant for spiro‐MeOTAD in lead halide perovskite solar cells. This approach gave an air stability nearly 10‐fold that of conventional devices using Li+TFSI?. Such high stability is attributed to the hydrophobic nature of [Li+@C60]TFSI? repelling moisture and absorbing intruding oxygen, thereby protecting the perovskite device from degradation. Furthermore, [Li+@C60]TFSI? could oxidize spiro‐MeOTAD without the need for oxygen. The encapsulated devices exhibited outstanding air stability for more than 1000 h while illuminated under ambient conditions. 相似文献
64.
Min Ku Jeon Kweon Ho Kang Geun Il Park Young Soon Lee 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2012,292(2):513-517
Chlorination reaction behavior of Zircaloy-4 (Zry-4) cladding hulls was demonstrated by using a quartz reactor system. By
reacting at 380 °C for 3 h, mass of the Zry-4 hulls decreased by 65.8 wt% with Cl2 utilization of 87.1 mol%. Composition of collected product was analyzed and it was revealed that concentration of Zr was
higher than 99.97 wt%. The purity of Zr in the experimental result was higher than expectation when considering Sn (1.31 wt%)
and Fe (0.25 wt%) contents which can produce gaseous SnCl4 and FeCl3 at the experimental condition. Theoretical calculations were performed to clarify the high purity of Zr by using the HSC
code. The simulation results revealed that formation of ZrCl4 is more preferred than SnCl4, FeCl3, and CrCl3. The preference of chloride formation was confirmed by the theoretical calculation, and it was suggested that the major constituents
of Zry-4 might react with Cl2 to produce chlorides in an order of ZrCl4 > CrCl3 > SnCl4 > FeCl3. It was also suggested that continuous removal of ZrCl4 and sufficient supply of Zr source during the chlorination reaction might have contributed to the high purity of Zr. 相似文献
65.
66.
Cyanobacteria and myxobacteria use slime secretion for gliding motility over surfaces. The slime is produced by the nozzle-like pores located on the bacteria surface. To understand the mechanism of gliding motion and its relation to slime polymerization, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations of a molecular nozzle with growing inside polymer chains. These simulations show that the compression of polymer chains inside the nozzle is a driving force for propulsion. There is a linear relationship between the average nozzle velocity and the chain polymerization rate with a proportionality coefficient dependent on the geometric characteristics of the nozzle such as its length and friction coefficient. This minimal model of the molecular engine was used to explain the gliding motion of bacteria over surfaces. 相似文献
67.
2,6-Bis[4-(p-dihexylaminostyryl)styryl]anthracene derivatives with large two-photon cross sections 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
[Structure: see text] Anthracene derivatives with a variety of donor-acceptor substituents have been synthesized and shown to exhibit large two-photon cross sections over a wide range of wavelengths. 相似文献
68.
Aliu E Andringa S Aoki S Argyriades J Asakura K Ashie R Berns H Bhang H Blondel A Borghi S Bouchez J Burguet-Castell J Casper D Cavata C Cervera A Cho KO Choi JH Dore U Espinal X Fechner M Fernandez E Fukuda Y Gomez-Cadenas J Gran R Hara T Hasegawa M Hasegawa T Hayashi K Hayato Y Helmer RL Hill J Hiraide K Hosaka J Ichikawa AK Iinuma M Ikeda A Inagaki T Ishida T Ishihara K Ishii T Ishitsuka M Itow Y Iwashita T Jang HI Jeon EJ Jeong IS Joo K Jover G Jung CK Kajita T Kameda J Kaneyuki K Kato I 《Physical review letters》2005,94(8):081802
We present results for nu(mu) oscillation in the KEK to Kamioka (K2K) long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. K2K uses an accelerator-produced nu(mu) beam with a mean energy of 1.3 GeV directed at the Super-Kamiokande detector. We observed the energy-dependent disappearance of nu(mu), which we presume have oscillated to nu(tau). The probability that we would observe these results if there is no neutrino oscillation is 0.0050% (4.0 sigma). 相似文献
69.
Electrostatic assembly of multilayered thin films through sequential adsorption of polyions in layer-by-layer fashion utilizes the strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged molecules. We perform molecular dynamics simulations of multilayers of flexible polyelectrolytes around a charged spherical particle. Our simulations establish that the charge reversal after each deposition step is a crucial factor for the steady layer growth. The multilayers appear to be nonequilibrium structures. 相似文献
70.
Bhaggy Duggal Robin Harte In Ho Jeon 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2004,132(5):1345-1349
``Polaroid elements" represent an attempt to abstract part of the condition, ``Weyl's theorem holds" for operators.