Induction of apoptosis by hexaosmium carbonyl clusters

A number of tri- and hexaosmium carbonyl cluster derivatives were screened for cytotoxicity against five cancer cell lines, and the hexaosmium carbonyl clusters Os₆(CO)₁₈ and Os₆(CO)₁₆(NCCH₃)₂ were found to be active against four of these, viz., ER+ breast carcinoma (MCF-7), ER-breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231), metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma (SW620) and hepatocarcinoma (Hepg2), with IC₅₀ values as low as 6 μM. Studies on their mode of action with the MDA-MB-231 cell line pointed to the induction of apoptosis, as has been found earlier for the trinuclear cluster Os₃(CO)₁₀(NCCH₃)₂.     

Modelling of Type I fracture network: Objective function formulation by fuzzy sensitivity analysis

This paper advances the fundamental understanding in mathematical and computational modelling of discrete fracture networks (Type I). It presents a systematic procedure to solve the most important problem in modelling by global optimization — objective function formulation, which negates guesswork in objective function formulation by automatic selection of highly ranked components and their corresponding weighting factors. The procedure starts from real data to identify potential components of the objective function. The components are then ranked by fuzzy sensitivity analysis, based on their effects on the final objective function value and simulation convergence. The final fracture network inversion is subsequently realized and validated. Results of the study provide an explanation why previous methods such as stochastic simulations are not sufficiently reliable, compared to global optimization methods.     

Atom cooling by VSCPT: Accumulation plus filtering

We study laser cooling by velocity-selective coherent population trapping (VSCPT) in a double-Λ scheme with decay beyond the working levels. We show that this additional decay channel filters diffused atoms from trapped ones and provides an ultrasharp atomic momentum distribution. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 115, 449–462 (February 1999) Published in English in the original Russian journal. Reproduced here with stylistic changes by the Translation Editor.     

Subgradients of the Value Function to a Parametric Optimal Control Problem

This paper studies the first-order behavior of the value function of a parametric optimal control problem with linear constraints and nonconvex cost functions. By establishing an abstract result on the Fréchet subdifferential of the value functions of a parametric mathematical programming problem, a new formula for computing the Fréchet subdifferential of the value function to a parametric optimal control problem is obtained.     

Generalized vector variational inequalities with star-pseudomonotone and discontinuous operators

It is well known that a vector variational inequality can be a very efficient model for use in studying vector optimization problems. By using the Ky Fan fixed point theorem and the scalarization method we will prove some existence theorems for strong solutions for generalized vector variational inequalities where discontinuous and star-pseudomonotone operators are involved. Our results can be applied to the study of the existence of solutions of vector optimal problems. Some examples are given and analyzed.     

Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of novel simplified plinabulin-quinoline derivatives

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Sorption of Na+, Ca2+ ions from aqueous solution onto unbleached kraft fibers-kinetics and equilibrium studies

The sorption of Na+ and Ca2+ from aqueous solutions onto unbleached kraft fiber was investigated. The sorption kinetics was found to be highly dependent on pH, initial concentration, and temperature. The sorption rate increased as the initial concentration and pH were increased. Thermodynamic and kinetic results indicated that the sorption of Na+ and Ca2+ onto kraft fiber was exothermic, reversible, and spontaneous with activation energies of 11.0 and 23.3 kJ/mol, respectively. The sorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model and the equilibrium data followed the Langmuir isotherms. The fiber sorption capacities calculated from the Langmuir isotherms were similar to the fiber charges determined by potentiometric titration at pH > 7.     

Effect of Nitrogen Doping on the Structural and Optical Properties of Zn2GeO4 Phosphors

Journal of Applied Spectroscopy - Nitrogen-doped Zn2GeO4 (ZGO:N) phosphors were synthesized using a chemical hydrothermal approach. The influence of nitrogen doping on the structural and optical...