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61.
Wahl P Diekhöner L Schneider MA Vitali L Wittich G Kern K 《Physical review letters》2004,93(17):176603
Based on the experimental observation that only the close vicinity of a magnetic impurity at metal surfaces determines its Kondo behavior, we introduce a simple model which explains the Kondo temperatures observed for cobalt adatoms at the (111) and (100) surfaces of Cu, Ag, and Au. Excellent agreement between the model and scanning tunneling spectroscopy experiments is demonstrated. The Kondo temperature is shown to depend on the occupation of the d level determined by the hybridization between the adatom and the substrate with a minimum around single occupancy. 相似文献
62.
Ahmet Mazacioglu Michael C. Gross Justin Kern Volker Sick 《Proceedings of the Combustion Institute》2019,37(4):4993-5001
Natural gas (NG) is attractive for heavy-duty (HD) engines for reasons of cost stability, emissions, and fuel security. NG requires forced ignition, but conventional gasoline-engine ignition systems are not optimized for NG and are challenged to ignite mixtures that are lean or diluted with exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR). NG ignition is particularly difficult in large-bore engines, where it is more challenging to complete combustion in the time available. High-speed infrared (IR) in-cylinder imaging and image-derived quantitative metrics were used to compare two ignition systems in terms of the early flame-kernel development and cycle-to-cycle variability (CCV) in a heavy-duty, natural-gas-fueled engine that had been modified to enable exhaust-gas recirculation and to provide optical access via borescopes. Imaging in the near IR and short-wavelength IR yielded strong signals from the water emission lines, which acted as a proxy for flame front and burned-gas regions while obviating image intensification (which can reduce spatial resolution). The ignition systems studied were a conventional system and a high-frequency corona system. The air/fuel mixtures investigated included stoichiometric without dilution and lean with EGR. The corona system produced five separate elongated, irregularly shaped, nonequilibrium-plasma streamers, leading to immediate formation of five spatially distinct wrinkled flame kernels around each streamer. Compared to the conventional spark ignition, which produces a single flame kernel that exhibits an initial laminar growth regime before wrinkling, corona ignition's early achievement of higher flame surface areas significantly shortened the ignition delay, resulting in reduced overall combustion duration and CCV for each mixture. Additionally, although the lean, dilute mixture produced higher CCV than the stoichiometric, minimally diluted mixture with both igniters, the mixtures ignited by the corona system suffered less than those ignited by the conventional system. Image-based measurements of CCV agreed with those based on in-cylinder pressure. 相似文献
63.
Variadium(V) has been determined by reduction with generated uranium(V) with an accuracy of about ± 0.3%. Amounts as small as 15 μg were successfully titrated. The suggested ph range is 1–2.5. Iron(III) is reduced simultaneuosly with vanadium(V). 相似文献
64.
Asratyan A. E. Aderholz M. Ammosov V. V. Gapienko G. S. Gapienko V. A. Guy J. Jones G. T. Kaftanov V. S. Katz U. F. Kern J. Korotkov V. A. Krutchinin S. P. Kubantsev M. A. Marage P. Morrison D. R. O. Sacton J. Schmitz N. Varvell K. Venus W. Wittek W. Zaetz V. G. 《Zeitschrift fur Physik C Particles and Fields》1994,61(4):563-565
Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields - Neutrino interactions in BEBC produce theD ** (2536) charmed strange meson. The mass of this state is 2534.2±1.2 MeV. The production rate... 相似文献
65.
66.
Jones G. T. Jones R. W. L. Kennedy B. W. Klein H. Morrison D. R. O. Wachsmuth H. Miller D. B. Mobayyen M. M. Wainstein S. Aderholz M. Hantke D. Katz U. F. Kern J. Schmitz N. Wittek W. Borner H. P. Myatt G. Cooper-Sarkar A. M. Guy J. Venus W. Bullock F. W. Burke S. 《Zeitschrift fur Physik C Particles and Fields》1994,63(4):601-609
Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields - A set of proton longitudinal polarized distributions, worked out under the assumption of small gluon polarization, is used to evaluate several... 相似文献
67.
J. P. Bucher L. Santesson K. Kern 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1994,59(2):135-138
The properties of thin organic films offer many challenging opportunities for science and technology. A crucial requirement for the advancement of molecular film technology is the selective characterization and modification on an atomic level. Local proximal probes like Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) or Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) bear certainly the potential for this purpose. So far, however, mainly adsorbed organic molecules lying flat on a smooth substrate have been imaged with near atomic resolution. Here, we demonstrate the ability of STM to selectively image self-assembled monolayers of long-chain molecules (hexanethiol) oriented upright on the substrate Au(111) with molecular resolution. Upon proper choice of the tunneling parameters we can image the molecular head-group anchored at the substrate and/or the molecular tail group. 相似文献
68.
The thermal decomposition of ethylbenzene has been investigated behind reflected shock waves over the temperature and pressure ranges of 1350–2080 K and 0.25–0.5 atm using a 1.6% C8H10 ? Ne mixture. Major products of the pyrolysis are C7H8, C7H7, C6H6, C4H2, C2H4, C2H2, and CH4; C8H8 appears throughout the temperature range as a minor product. Comparison of the product profiles obtained by time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the results of model calculations strongly supports the initiation step of β C? C bond homolysis for C8H10 dissociation. A 51 kinetic step reaction mechanism with 24 species was formulated to model the temperature and time dependence of the major products observed in our experiments. 相似文献
69.
70.