Crying and Behavioral Characteristics in Premature Infants

The aims of this study were to analyze 1) whether there was the relationship between the neonatal behavioral characteristics and amount of crying in premature infants at term age, and 2) what kind of difference between infants with high levels of crying and cry less on neonatal behavioral characteristics using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS). The study participants consisted of 69 healthy low birth-weight infants who were admitted to the NICU at the Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan. This study analyzed the relationship between NBAS scores measured neonatal behavioral performance and crying at term age. This study results indicate that there was significant statistical negative correlation between the amount of total daily crying and Habituation, Range of state, Regulation of state, and Autonomic stability cluster scores and some individual items scores (Response decrement to light, Response decrement to tactile of foot, Alert responsiveness, Examiner persistence, Motor maturity, Irritability, General irritability, Cuddliness, Consolability, Self-quieting activity, and State regulation). The high levels crying group also showed higher responsivity than less crying group in the items of Peak of excitement, Rapidity of build-up, Irritability and General irritability. In conclusion, neonatal behavioral characteristics such as poor inhibit discrete stimuli while asleep, hyper-responsivity and poor state regulation abilities were risk factors of high levels of crying.     

Ag/ThioClickFerrophos catalyzed highly enantioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with alkenes

A silver(I)/ThioClickFerrophos complex catalyzed the endo selective asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of methyl N-benzylideneglycinate (the source of azomethine ylides) with α,β-unsaturated esters and maleimides to give the endo-2,4,5- and 2,3,4,5-substituted pyrrolidines in good yields with high enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). The complex also effectively catalyzed the endo selective reactions with β-nitrostyrene to give the 4-nitropyrrolidine in a high enantioselectivity.     

Hydrodynamic limit for a spin system on a multidimensional lattice

Summary The hydrodynamic limit for a Markov process of [0, )-valued spin fields on a periodic multidimensional lattice is studied. In the process a positive real number, called energy, is attached to each site of the lattice and each couple of adjacent sites exchange thier energy by random amounts at random times. The law of the exchange is such that the sum of the total energy is conserved, and that the process is reversible and of gradient type for the energy distribution. We show that under diffusion type scaling of space and time, the macroscopic energy distribution converges to a deterministic limit which is characterized by a non-linear diffusion equation /t=2^–1P(), whereP is an increasing function which in a typical case equals const·².     

Resolution of enantiomers by HPLC on cellulose derivatives

Summary Various polysaccharide derivatives, particularly cellulose derivatives, were synthesized and used as chiral stationary phases for optical resolution by HPLC after being adsorbed on macroporous silica gel. Cellulose triacetate (CTA-II), which was synthesized under homogeneous conditions, showed a chiral recognition ability for many racemates. Other cellulose derivatives such as cellulose tribenzoate (OB), cellulose-trisphenylcarbamate (OC), cellulose tribenzyl ether (OE), and cellulose tricinnamate (OK) also showed unique chiral recognition. Among other polysaccharide derivatives, curdlan triacetate was also exhibited an effective chiral recognition. Presented at the 15th International Symposium on Chromatography, Nürnberg, October 1984     

Unprecedented Sequence Control and Sequence‐Driven Properties in a Series of AB‐Alternating Copolymers Consisting Solely of Acrylamide Units

Herein, we report a method to synthesize a series of alternating copolymers that consist exclusively of acrylamide units. Crucial to realizing this polymer synthesis is the design of a divinyl monomer that contains acrylate and acrylamide moieties connected by two activated ester bonds. This design, which is based on the reactivity ratio of the embedded vinyl groups, allows a “selective” cyclopolymerization, wherein the intramolecular and intermolecular propagation are repeated alternately under dilute conditions. The addition of an amine to the resulting cyclopolymers afforded two different acryl amide units, i.e., an amine‐substituted acryl amide and a 2‐hydroxy‐ethyl‐substituted acryl amide in alternating sequence. Using this method, we could furnish ten types of alternating copolymers; some of these exhibit unique properties in solution and in the bulk, which are different from those of the corresponding random copolymers, and we attributed the differences to the alternating sequence.     

Synthesis of functionalized hydroquinones via [Cp*RuCl2]2-catalyzed cocyclization of alkynes, alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, and carbon monoxide

[reaction: see text] Catalytic [2 + 2 + 1 + 1] cocyclization reaction of an alkyne, an alkene, and two molecules of carbon monoxide, leading to functionalized hydroquinones, was studied. Using [Cp*RuCl2]2 as a catalyst, we found that a variety of electron-deficient alkenes, such as alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones, esters, amides, and nitriles, can be employed as an alkene coupling partner to give the corresponding hydroquinones.     

Curdlan as a Polymeric Starting Material to Access C6-Modified Glucose Derivatives

We evaluated the potential of a linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) as a starting material to access C6-modified glucose derivatives and found that 6-bromo-6-deoxyglucose, 6-azide-6-deoxyglucose, and 6-acetamido-6-deoxyglucose could be readily prepared from curdlan through its C6-selective and quantitative modifications and subsequent acid-catalyzed hydrolysis.