Structural and electrical transport properties of FeH x under high pressures and low temperatures

We present the first successful in situ simultaneous measurement of the electrical resistance and X-ray diffraction of FeH _x (x～ 1) under high-pressure H₂ up to 25.5 GPa and low temperatures down to 9 K. The electrical resistivity ρ showed a sharp increase with the formation of iron-hydride FeH _x (x～ 1) at 3.5 GPa. The ?′-phase of FeH _x was found to be metallic up to 25.5 GPa. The ρ vs. T curves up to 16.5 GPa approximately follow Fermi-liquid law below 25 K. However, T ⁵ was found to be better fitting at 25.5 GPa. This change can be considered to be related to the previously reported ferromagnetism collapse at corresponding pressure.     

Ischemic Stroke Risk Assessment by Multiscale Entropy Analysis of Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation

It has been recognized that heart rate variability (HRV), defined as the fluctuation of ventricular response intervals in atrial fibrillation (AFib) patients, is not completely random, and its nonlinear characteristics, such as multiscale entropy (MSE), contain clinically significant information. We investigated the relationship between ischemic stroke risk and HRV with a large number of stroke-naïve AFib patients (628 patients), focusing on those who had never developed an ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke before the heart rate measurement. The CHA2DS2−VASc score was calculated from the baseline clinical characteristics, while the HRV analysis was made from the recording of morning, afternoon, and evening. Subsequently, we performed Kaplan–Meier method and cumulative incidence function with mortality as a competing risk to estimate the survival time function. We found that patients with sample entropy (SE(s)) ≥ 0.68 at 210 s had a significantly higher risk of an ischemic stroke occurrence in the morning recording. Meanwhile, the afternoon recording showed that those with SE(s) ≥ 0.76 at 240 s and SE(s) ≥ 0.78 at 270 s had a significantly lower risk of ischemic stroke occurrence. Therefore, SE(s) at 210 s (morning) and 240 s ≤ s ≤ 270 s (afternoon) demonstrated a statistically significant predictive value for ischemic stroke in stroke-naïve AFib patients.     

Ruthenium-catalyzed transfer oxygenative cyclization of α,ω-diynes: unprecedented [2 + 2 + 1] route to bicyclic furans via ruthenacyclopentatriene

A novel oxygen-atom-transfer process enables the catalytic [2 + 2 + 1] synthesis of bicyclic furans from α,ω-diynes with DMSO. [CpRu(AN)(3)]PF(6) catalyzed the transfer oxygenative cyclization of diynes with aryl terminal groups, while those of diynes with alkyl terminal groups were effectively promoted by the corresponding Cp* complex. A mechanism for bicyclic furan formation via a ruthenacyclopentatriene was proposed on the basis of both experimental and theoretical studies.     

Wave propagation in deep-subwavelength mode waveguides

This Letter proposes a dielectric waveguide with deep-subwavelength mode sizes. Results of both frequency domain and time domain analysis show that the effective mode area is below λ(0)(2)/400 and can even reach λ(0)(2)/1000 (λ(0) is the wavelength in vacuum). The effective electrical mode area can be comparable to that of a hybrid plasmonic subwavelength confinement waveguide, with reduced optical absorption. In contrast to slot waveguides, which guide light in low-index materials, the proposed structure guides light in high-index materials. Results obtained in this Letter show that the losses are sensitive to the surface roughness on the tens of nanometers scale. The structure can be used to design ring resonators with a quality factor comparable to that of a diffraction-limited dielectric ring resonator with the same standing wave numbers. The property can be applied in nonlinear effect enhancement or laser design with ultralow threshold.     

Transverse conformal Killing forms and a Gallot–Meyer theorem for foliations

We study transverse conformal Killing forms on foliations and prove a Gallot–Meyer theorem for foliations. Moreover, we show that on a foliation with C-positive normal curvature, if there is a closed basic 1-form ${\phi}$ such that ${\Delta_B\phi=qC\phi}$ , then the foliation is transversally isometric to the quotient of a q-sphere.     

Synthesis of 5'-terminal capped oligonucleotides using O-N phosphoryl migration of phosphoramidite derivatives

Trivalent phosphoramidite derivatives could be readily converted by reacting with 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole to phosphotriester intermediates; these intermediates reacted smoothly with phosphorylated compounds to give pyrophosphate derivatives. This new phosphorylation approach enabled a facile and rapid synthesis of 5'-adenylated DNA oligomers (A(5')ppDNA) on resins using a silyl-type linker. Our new approach could be applied to the synthesis of a 2'-OMe-RNA oligomer containing the 5'-terminal 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine cap structure.     

Comprehensive study of proteins that interact with microcystin-LR

We carried out a comprehensive study of proteins that exhibit specific interactions with a naturally occurring toxin, microcystin (MC)-LR, in order to gain insight into the unknown underlying mechanism of MC virulence. This audacious study employed a simple affinity test that used MC-LR immobilized on an original ethylene oxide based monolithic solid phase (Moli-gel), and swine liver lysate. Some of the proteins that interacted with MC-LR on this original affinity resin were separated by SDS-PAGE, measured by nano-LC/MS/MS after trypsin digestion, and identified using a Mascot database search. Protein sequence analyses revealed that glutathione S-transferase (GST) was one of the candidate target proteins for MC-LR. This protein was confirmed as a target protein for MC-LR based on the results of for the inhibition of an enzymatic reaction by Dhb-MC-LR. Moreover, L-3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (HDHA) was shown to be one of the proteins that specifically interacts with MC-LR. Our results demonstrated that our analytical systems based on an original affinity resin and nano-LC/MS/MS were effective for target protein research.     

Fractal behind coin-reducing payment

The ‘minimal’ payment—a payment method which minimizes the number of coins in a purse—is presented. We focus on a time series of change given back to a shopper repeating the minimal payment. By using the delay plot, the set of successive change possesses a fine structure similar to the Sierpinski gasket. We also estimate effectivity of the minimal-payment method by means of the average number of coins in a purse, and conclude that the minimal-payment strategy is the best to reduce the number of coins in a purse. Moreover, we compare our results to the rule-60 cellular automaton and the Pascal–Sierpinski gaskets, which are known as generators of the discrete Sierpinski gasket.     

A mod <Emphasis Type="Italic">ℓ</Emphasis> Atkin–Lehner theorem and applications

If f(z) is a weight \({k\in \frac{1}{2}\mathbb {Z}}\) meromorphic modular form on Γ₀(N) satisfying

$f(z)=\sum_{n\geq n_0} a_ne^{2\pi i mnz}, $

where \({m \nmid N,}\) then f is constant. If k ≠ 0, then f = 0. Atkin and Lehner [2] derived the theory of integer weight newforms from this fact. We use the geometric theory of modular forms to prove the analog of this fact for modular forms modulo ?. We show that the same conclusion holds if gcd(N ?,m) = 1 and the nebentypus character is trivial at ?. We use this to study the parity of the partition function and the coefficients of Klein’s j-function.

     

Effect of Y2O3 addition on the conductivity and elastic modulus of (CeO2)1 − x(YO1.5)x

The conductivity and elastic modulus of (CeO₂)_1 − x(YO_1.5)_x for x values of 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.40 were investigated by experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. The calculated conductivity exhibited a maximum value at approximately 15 mol% Y₂O₃; this trend agreed with that of the experimental results. In order to clarify the reason for the occurrence of the maximum conductivity, the paths for the transfer of oxygen vacancies were counted. The numerical result revealed that as the content of Y₂O₃ dopant increases, the number of paths for the transfer of oxygen vacancies decreases, whereas the number of oxygen vacancies for conductivity increases. Thus, the trade-off between the increase in the number of vacancy sites and the decrease in the vacancy transfer was considered to be the reason for the maximum conductivity occurring at the Y₂O₃ dopant content of approximately 15 mol%. The calculated elastic modulus also exhibited a minimum value at approximately 20 mol% Y₂O₃, which also agreed with the experimental results. It was shown that the Y–O–Y bonding energy increased with the increasing content of Y₂O₃ dopant. Thus, the trade-off between the increase in the number of vacancy sites and that in the Y–O–Y bonding energy was considered to be the reason for the minimum elastic modulus occurring at the Y₂O₃ dopant content of approximately 20 mol%.