Phosphorus-containing Small Rings: X. Phosphorylation of Derivatives of 1-Methyl-2,2-dichlorocyclopropanecarboxylic Acid

Reaction of derivatives of 1-methyl-2,2-dichlorocyclopropanecarboxylic acid with three- and four-coordinate phosphorus acids was studied. It was established that the nucleophilic substitution on the carbonyl carbon atom proceeds without cleavage of the three-membered ring and leads to new types of phosphorus-containing cyclopropanes. The products were found to enhance the germination energy and laboratory germination of cereal, legume, and vegetable seeds.     

Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Carbonitride Films from Volatile Silyl Derivatives of 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine

Silicon carbonitride films were synthesized from new volatile precursors by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Based on a detailed study of the morphology of film surfaces, it was found that the layer material was an amorphous matrix with inclusions of nanosized crystals. Calculation of the structure of the crystalline phase from synchrotron X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrated that the entire set of the diffraction peaks detected is indexed by a tetragonal structure with the lattice parameters a = 9.6 Å and c = 6.4 Å. This is consistent with the fact that the carbon 1s and nitrogen 1s core level X-ray photoelectron spectra exhibited only sp ³ bonding, which was expected for superhard carbon nitride phases.     

Composition and properties of polysaccharides from rice husk

The composition and content of polysaccharides obtained from different samples of rice husk by successive treatment with water, ammonium oxalate (or oxalic acid), and alkali were studied. The chemical composition of the rice husk residues after the extraction was examined, and the possibility of their use for preparing amorphous silica or cellulose-containing products, depending on the hydrolysis conditions, was assessed.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 77, No. 11, 2004, pp. 1901–1904.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Zemnukhova, Tomshich, Mamontova, Komandrova, Fedorishcheva, Sergienko.     

Ion Mobility,Phase Transitions,and Ion Conductivity in Alkali Metal Tetrafluoroantimonates(III) MSbF4 (M = Na,K, Rb,Cs)

The internal mobility of fluoride ions and electrophysical characteristics of alkali metal tetrafluoroantimonates(III) (M = Na, K, Rb, and Cs) are studied by ¹⁹F NMR and impedance spectroscopies. The types of ion motions in the anionic sublattice of these compounds are determined in the 180-510 K temperature range. The superionic conductivity of the MSbF₄ compounds is established above 480 K ( 2.9 × 10^-2 to 1.3 × 10^-4 S/cm).     

Synthesis of β-Aminophosphonates and Study of Their Acid-Base Properties and Phase Distribution in Water-Organic Solvent Systems

New and previously known β-aminoethylphosphonates were synthesized by addition of primary and secondary amines to vinylphosphonates, and their IR and NMR spectra were examined. Diethyl 2-diethylaminoethylphosphonate and diethyl 2-morpholinoethylphosphonate were found to be stronger bases than the corresponding aminomethylphosphonates, but all these are weaker bases than their precursors, nonphosphorylated amines. Distribution constants of β-aminophosphonates between water and some organic solvents were determined and compared with those of their α-amino homologs.     

The crystal and molecular structure of 1,1,2,4,4,5-hexaphenyl-1,4-diphosphoniacyclohexadiene-2,5 dibromide

The crystal and molecular structure of 1,1,2,4,4,5-hexaphenyl-1,4-diphosphoniacyclohexadiene-2,5 dibromide has been determined by a single crystal, x-ray diffraction study using diffractometer data. The compound crystallizes in the space group P2₁/_c with unit cell constants a = 8.813(1), b = 36.736(4), c = 12.478(1) Å, and β = 120.91°(1). The structure was solved by the heavy atom method and refined by block-diagonal least-squares to a final R = 0.04 for the 2761 statistically significant reflections. The structure determination shows that the central phosphonium ring is a diene and not a delocalized structure as anticipated. The ring is in the boat conformation with the axial phenyl rings aligned essentially parallel to each other and 3.55 Å apart.     

New materials for sorption of hydrogen

The influence of temperature, duration of thermal treatment, and oxidation modes of the aluminum base on processes in which intermetallic compounds LiLaAl are formed by the method of electrochemical cathodic intercalation was studied. The optimal modes of formation of LiLaAl_ox compounds exhibiting high sorption capacity for hydrogen were determined.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 77, No. 9, 2004, pp. 1516–1519.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Olshanskaya, Sobgaida, Popova.     

Polymeric Formulations Based on Iron and Cobalt Molybdophosphates and Polyacrylates

The possibility of using synthesized iron(III) and cobalt(II) molybdophosphates as dyes in dyeing of copolymers and polymeric formulations based on methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate and also as pigments deposited onto natural and inorganic supports for heterogeneous dyeing of polymeric materials was studied.     

Rapid Determination of Explosives and Narcotics Using a Multicapillary-Column Gas Chromatograph and an Ion-Mobility Spectrometer

A gas chromatograph for the rapid determination of explosives (2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, and pentaerythritol tetranitrate) and narcotics (heroin, cocaine hydrochloride, and crack) is described, and its analytical characteristics are presented. The instrument was equipped with a multicapillary column and an ion-mobility spectrometer as a detector.     

Catalytic properties of initial and thermosteamed faujasites in n-hexane aromatization

Regularities in n-hexane conversion on decationized Y zeolites under cracking and aromatization conditions have been studied. Possible formation of lower olefins and benzenes in parallel reactions following different mechanisms at low conversion degrees is suggested. The effect of thermosteam treatment on the activity and selectivity of Y zeolites in n-hexane conversion has been examined.

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