Absolute (p, xn) cross-section measurements on 232Th

Excitation functions have been measured for both the (p, 6n) and (p, 7n) reactions on ²³²Th at incident energies up to 100 MeV using the external beam of the McGill synchrocyclotron. The natural activity of the target material is used to determine the target thickness, making it unnecessary to use monitor foils, or to carry out chemical separations following bombardment. The shape of both excitation functions is consistent with the prediction of the Jackson model. If fission competition is taken into account the observed cross sections are in reasonable quantitative agreement with the theoretical predictions. The (p, 6n) excitation function is found to be in disagreement with a number of earlier measurements.     

The momentum spectra of secondary particles in (π−,N)-interactions at 7 GeV

The experimental momentum spectra of secondary -mesons and protons from the (^–, N)-interactions at 7 GeV in the laboratory system are compared with the formula given by H. H. Aly, M. F. Kaplon and M. L. Shen [Nuovo Cim.32 (1964), 905]. The fit of the linear-exponential distribution, of Maxwell Boltzmann's distribution and of Planck's law was determined for the experimental histograms of the transverse momenta for the same events. The results obtained are discussed at the end of the paper.The authors express their sincere thanks to E. Fenyves, K. Lanius and K. D. Tolstov for permission to use their experimental data, to J. Marek from the Institute of Physics of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences for help in the calculations and to J. Vaníek from the Mathematical Laboratory of the Czech Technical University in Prague for fitting the distributions to the p_t-histograms.     

CP violation in the neutralK system

The theoretical aspect ofCP-violation is reviewed. TheK _s andK _L states, the unitarity relation, parametrization and analysis, the electric dipole moment of the neutron, asymmetry andC noninvariance in ₃ are all discussed. Then five theoretical models concerning neutralK2 are dealt with.Work supported in part by the United States Atomic Energy Commission.     

Ballast Water Treatment Test at Pilot-Scale Using an Underwater Capillary Discharge Device

We demonstrated a pilot-scaled underwater plasma discharge device for the treatment of ballast water (5 ton/h). Phytoplankton and microorganisms in the ballast water were successfully removed using underwater plasma with capillary electrodes. Microorganisms between 10 and 50 μm in the ballast water were eliminated with an efficiency of 99.9% as well as heterotrophic bacteria with an efficiency of 92.7%.     

An Expedient Synthesis of β-Chloro-β-nitroolefin Derivatives

β-Chloro-β-nitroolefin derivatives 2 were prepared from the reaction of β-nitroolefins 1 with HCl / DMF / Oxone system in moderate to good yields.

     

Quantification of homoegonol in rat plasma using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and its pharmacokinetics application

Homoegonol is a biologically active neolignan isolated from Styrax species with cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐asthma activities. For the quantification of homoegonol in rat plasma, a selective and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method was developed and validated for the first time using protein precipitation with methanol as a sample clean‐up procedure. The analytes were separated in an Atlantis dC₁₈ column using a gradient elution of methanol and 0.1% formic acid, and mass‐to‐charge ratios were determined in selective reaction monitoring mode using tandem mass spectrometry with m/z 343.12 > 296.97 for homoegonol and m/z 517.30 > 282.90 for udenafil (internal standard). The standard curve was linear over the concentration ranges of 1 ? 500 ng/mL using a 30 μL rat plasma sample. The coefficient of variation and relative error for intra‐ and inter‐assay at four quality control levels were 3.9–10.0 and ‐3.3–2.7%, respectively. The overall recovery of homoegonol from rat plasma using protein precipitation was 99.7 ± 7.7%. The pharmacokinetics parameters of homoegonol were dose‐independent after both intravenous (1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg doses) and oral (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg doses) administration in male Sprague–Dawley rats. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.