Effects produced by metal-coated near-field probes on the performance of silicon waveguides and resonators

We study the effects of metal-coated fiber near-field probes on the performance of nanophotonic devices. Employing a heterodyne near-field scanning optical microscope and analyzing transmission characteristics, we find that a metal-coated probe can typically introduce a 3 dB intensity loss and a 0.2 rad phase shift during characterization of a straight waveguide made in a silicon-on-insulator system. In resonant nanophotonic structures such as a 5 mum radius microring resonator, we demonstrate that the probe induces a 1 nm shift in resonant wavelength and decreases the resonator quality factor, Q, from 1100 to 480.     

Synthesis and Biological Activities of Simplified Analogs of the Natural PKC Ligands,Bryostatin‐1 and Aplysiatoxin

Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes play central roles in signal transduction on the cell surface and could serve as promising therapeutic targets of intractable diseases like cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although natural PKC ligands like phorbol esters, ingenol esters, and teleocidins have the potential to become therapeutic leads, most of them are potent tumor promoters in mouse skin. By contrast, bryostatin‐1 (bryo‐1) isolated from marine bryozoan is a potent PKC activator with little tumor‐promoting activity. Numerous investigations have suggested bryo‐1 to be a promising therapeutic candidate for the above intractable diseases. However, there is a supply problem of bryo‐1 both from natural sources and by organic synthesis. Recent approaches on the synthesis of bryo‐1 have focused on its simplification, without decreasing the ability to activate PKC isozymes, to develop new medicinal leads. Another approach is to use the skeleton of natural PKC ligands to develop bryo‐1 surrogates. We have recently identified 10‐methyl‐aplog‐1 ( 26 ), a simplified analog of tumor‐promoting aplysiatoxin (ATX), as a possible therapeutic lead for cancer. This review summarizes recent investigations on the simplification of natural PKC ligands, bryo‐1 and ATX, to develop potential medicinal leads.     

ACE algorithm for the rapid evaluation of the electron-repulsion integral over Gaussian-type orbitals

A new series of general formulas to evaluate the electron-repulsion integral (ERI) can be derived from modifying the Gauss-Rys quadrature formula. These named as “accompanying coordinate expansion (ACE) formulas” are capable of evaluating very fast ERIs, especially for contracted Gaussian-type orbitals (GTOs). According to the degree of the contraction of GTOs, the optimum formula can be selected among these ACEs. Numerical examples are shown for (ps|ps) and (pp|pp) ERIs as typical examples. It is found that the present ACE algorithm is numerically stable and is most efficient among all algorithms in the literature in the floating-point-operation (FLOP) count for all varieties of the degree of contraction. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Synthesis of medium-sized carbocyclic ketones via the intramolecular B-alkyl Liebeskind-Srogl coupling reaction

Synthesis of medium-sized carbocyclic ketones via the intramolecular B-alkyl Liebeskind-Srogl coupling reaction is described. The sequence of hydroboration of ω-alkenyl thiol ester with 9-BBN and the Liebeskind-Srogl reaction results in the formation of medium-sized carbocyclic ketones with good yield.     

Pd(II)-SPRIX catalyzed enantioselective construction of pyrrolizines/pyrroloindoles employing molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant

Pd(II)-SPRIX catalyst coupled with an environmentally benign molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant successfully exploited the construction of pyrrolizines/pyrroloindoles, imperative scaffolds of bio-potent molecules through intramolecular C-N and C-C bond forming reactions in good yields with appreciable enantioselectivities.