Stereoselective synthesis of vinylgermanes and their facile transformation into vinyl halides

Whereas iododegermylation of (Z)-1-triethylgermyl-1-dodecene gives (Z)-1-iodo-1-dodecene, bromodegermylation proves to give (E)-1-bromo-1-dodecene. Two general procedures for the preparation of vinylgermanes are also described.     

On the rearrangement in carbonyl oxide intermediates

Sensitized photooxidation of alkylphenyldiazomethanes under oxygen afforded, in addition to alkyl phenyl ketones, alkyl benzoates, which are probably formed by a rearrangement via dioxirane diradical.     

Aerosol Generation Method for Measuring Particles Suspended in Water – Detection of Particulate Impurities in Ultrapure Water and Sizing of Fine Powders –

The method described is based on the fact that the measurement of particles in the gaseous phase is generally easier than that in the liquid phase for fine particles smaller than 1 μm in diameter. The system consists of a liquid nebulizing unit, evaporator, condenser, mixing diluter and two different aerosol sizing instruments. It has been found that this method can continuously detect particulate impurities in ultrapure water in situ and can measure the size distribution of fine powders in the submicron particle size range down to about 0.05 μm.     

The norrish type II reaction of the cyclic thioimides with a benzylic hydrogen

On irradiation cyclic thioimides with N-ω-phenylalkyl substituents undergo the Norrish type II cyclization when benzylic hydrogen is available at the δ or ε-position of the thiocarbonyl group.     

18O-tracer study on the rearrangement of carbonyl oxide intermediates to esters

A tracer study for the rearrangement of carbonyl oxides to esters using doubly-labeled oxygen lead to a conclusion that carbonyl oxides do not isomerize directly to dioxyranes and the rearrangement to esters proceeds via a cyclic tetroxide.