Conditional Time Before Ruin of an Insurance Company

The statistical characteristics of conditional time before ruin of an insurance company, including the distribution function of conditional time and its moments are examined.     

Nematic LC to nematic glass phase transition in pores

The properties of a nematic liquid crystal in a porous matrix are discussed. On scales exceeding a certain characteristic scale the liquid crystal behaves as a nematic glass. Application of a weak magnetic field restores long-range orientational order. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 65, No. 9, 695–698 (10 May 1997)     

Unilaterally competitive games

The authors acknowledge valuable discussions with Jonathan Hamilton and Mamoru Kaneko as well as very detailed comments of two referees.     

Synthesis of 1,7-bis(4′-aminophenylamido)-m-carborane and 1,7-bis(4′-aminophenylcarboxy)-m-carborane

Conclusion 1,7-Bis(4-aminophenylamido)- and l,7-bis(4-aminophenylcarboxy)-m-carboranes were prepared and characterized.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2786–2787, December, 1986.     

Monolayer adsorption isotherms and a disordered medium model

A model of disordered medium is proposed to describe the monolayer adsorption isotherm on heterogeneous surfaces. The model is based on the premise that adsorption medium consists of separate regions in each of which there is a permanent local equilibrium constant, the character of the changes of which is determined by the disorder parameter of the medium. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i éksperimental’naya Khimiya, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 189–193, May–June, 2006.     

Substitution reactions involving the 2,6-methyl groups of 1,4-dihydropyridines

4,4-Disubstituted 1,4-dihydropyridines (I) are brominated with bromine in chloroform to give 2,6-bis(bromomethyl)-4,4-disubstituted 1,4-dihydropyridines (II), whereas 2,6-bis(dibromomethyl)-4,4-disubstituted 1,4-dihydropyridines (III) are obtained in the case of bromination of I in acetic acid. The bromine atoms in II and III are labile and readily undergo nucleophilic substitution.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1519–1524, November, 1978.     

Step-by-step first order antiferroelectric-paraelectric transition induced by frustration and electric field

We show analytically that even not too strong frustrating next neighbor interaction strongly affects first order antiferroelectric-paraelectric transition in an external electric field. We apply mean-field Landau theory. In the electric field a single phase transition at T ₀ splits into a step-by-step staircase with a series of intermediate phases. Unexpectedly enough we found that the equilibrium structures of the phases differ substantially from structures formed at low temperature both without field and in field. Polarization of intermediate structures decreases with temperature in a stepwise manner. Similar step-by-step transitions can occur also in magnetic materials with frustrating interaction.     

On the reactions of methyl radicals with nitrilotris(methylenephosphonic-acid) complexes in aqueous solutions

Abstract

The reactions of methyl radicals with M^II-(ntp)(H₂O)₂ complexes were studied. The formation of an unstable intermediate (ntp)(H₂O)M^III-CH₃ is observed. This reaction is an equilibrium process, i.e. the M^III-C bond decomposes via homolysis. The (ntp)(H₂O)M^III-CH₃ complexes isomerize to a more stable form. The results compared to those obtained in analogous reactions of the M^II-(nta)(H₂O)₂ complexes were shown to be similar with one exception – for the nta complexes no isomerization process is observed.     

Influence of impurity and indentation time on dislocation rosettes

It has been shown that the impurity type and indentation time affect appreciable on dislocation rosettes of NaCl single crystals. It was established that the growth of indentation diagonal was not practically followed by the increase of the dislocation zone size. This phenomenon connected with the cross slip processes, which are perhaps more intensive for prolonged indentation time and high temperatures. The assumption is made that the two mechanisms of responsible for indentation formation the movement of dislocations and their multiplication by the cross slip.     

Ultrasonic crystallizer of CuSO4 solution: Engineering simulation

Ultrasound crystallizer of copper sulfate solution based on creating the solidification front with the aid of a gradient of temperature, which was exposed to ultrasonic waves with use of a magnetostrictive transducer, was proposed. The algorithm for the calculation of critical process parameters of the crystallization was developed jointly using the differential transport equations of momentum, mass, energy, sound waves, and a method of similarity and dimensional analysis.