Objectification problem,CHSH inequalities for a system of two spin-1/2 particles

The weak objectification and Bell/CHSH inequalities are studied for a particular type of set of states of two spin-1/2 particles. The restriction on interference term which allows Bell/CHSH inequalities to be satisfied are found out.     

The <Superscript>1,3</Superscript>D<Superscript>○</Superscript> resonance states of positronium negative ion using exponential correlated wave functions

The doubly excited ^1,3D^○ resonance states of Ps^- associated with N=3, N=4 and N=5 Ps thresholds have been investigated using highly accurate correlated wave functions with exponents generated by a quasirandom process. Resonance parameters (both resonance positions and widths) are extracted in the framework of the stabilization method and the complex coordinate rotation method. In addition to many Feshbach resonances below the various Ps thresholds, we have identified two ¹ D^○ shape resonances with one each lying above the N=3 and N=4 thresholds, respectively, and two ³ D^○ shape resonances with one each lying above the N=3 and N=5 thresholds, respectively. The ¹ D^○ shape resonance associated with N=3 Ps threshold and some other Feshbach resonances are reported for the first time in the literature.     

Photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer reaction in (E)-3-(4-Methylamino-phenyl)-acrylic acid methyl ester: A fluorescence study in combination with TDDFT calculation

A donor-acceptor substituted aromatic system (E)-3-(4-Methylamino-phenyl)-acrylic acid methyl ester (MAPAME) has been synthesized, and its photophysical behavior obtained spectroscopically has been compared with the theoretical results. The observed dual fluorescence from MAPAME has been assigned to emission from locally excited and twisted intramolecular charge transfer states. The donor and acceptor angular dependency on the ground and excited states potential energy surfaces have been calculated both in vacuo and in acetonitrile solvent using time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and TDDFT polarized continuum model (TDDFT-PCM), respectively. Calculation predicts that a stabilized twisted excited state is responsible for red shifted charge transfer emission.     

Nanohybridization of Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials: Synthesis,Classification, and Application

Nanomaterials have attracted much attention from academic to industrial research. General methodologies are needed to impose architectural order in low-dimensional nanomaterials composed of nanoobjects of various shapes and sizes, such as spherical particles, rods, wires, combs, horns, and other non specified geometrical architectures. These nanomaterials are the building blocks for nanohybrid materials, whose applications have improved and will continuously enhance the quality of the daily life of mankind. In this article, we present a comprehensive review on the synthesis, dimension, properties, and present and potential future applications of nanomaterials and nanohybrids. Due to the large number of review articles on specific dimension, morphology, or application of nanomaterials, we will focus on different forms of nanomaterials, such as, linear, particulate, and miscellaneous forms. We believe that almost all the nanomaterials and nanohybrids will come under these three categories. Every form or dimension or morphology has its own significant properties and advantages. These low-dimensional nanomaterials can be integrated to create novel nano-composite material applications for next-generation devices needed to address the current energy crisis, environmental sustainability, and better performance requirements. We discuss the synthesis, properties, and morphology of different forms of nanomaterials (building blocks). Moreover, we elaborate on the synthesis, modification, and application of nanohybrids. The applications of these nanomaterials and nanohybrids in sensors, solar cells, lithium batteries, electronic, catalysis, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and bio-based applications will be detailed. The time is now ripe to explore new nanohybrids that use individual nanomaterial components as basic building blocks, potentially affording additionally novel behavior and leading to new, useful applications. In this regard, the combination or integration of linear nanorods/nanowires and spherical nanoparticles to produce mixed-dimensionality, higher-level nanocomposites of greater complexity is an interesting theme, which we explore in this review article.     

On non-selective harvesting of a multispecies fishery

The present paper deals with the problem of non-selective harvesting of a prey-predator system in which both the prey and the predator species obey the law of logistic growth and each predators functional response to the prey approaches a constant as the prey population increases. Boundedness of the exploited system is examined. The existence of its steady states and their stability are studied using eigenvalue analysis. The existence of bionomic equilibria has been considered. The problem of determining the optimal harvest policy is then solved by using Pontryagin's maximal principle. Finally, some numerical examples are given to illustrate the results.     

Harmonic averages, exact difference schemes and local Green’s functions in variable coefficient PDE problems

A brief survey is given to show that harmonic averages enter in a natural way in the numerical solution of various variable coefficient problems, such as in elliptic and transport equations, also of singular perturbation types. Local Green’s functions used as test functions in the Petrov-Galerkin finite element method combined with harmonic averages can be very efficient and are related to exact difference schemes.     

Acquisition Time for Ground-to-Satellite Optical Communication System in Weak Atmospheric Turbulence with Spatial Diversity

Abstract

In this article, various issues involved in a ground-to-satellite optical communication link (i.e., acquisition time, uncertainty area, and channel noise) are discussed. Acquisition time of a free-space optical link is evaluated for coherent (sub-carrier BPSK and QPSK) and non-coherent (OOK and -PPM) modulation schemes over weak turbulent channel with transmit diversity. In the analysis, both uncorrelated and correlated beams are considered. It is seen that an increase in transmit diversity order helps to improve the acquisition time, irrespective of turbulence strength in the atmosphere. At high correlation, a marginal change in acquisition time is observed with the increase in diversity order.     

Superlinear PCG Algorithms: Symmetric Part Preconditioning and Boundary Conditions

The superlinear convergence of the preconditioned CGM is studied for nonsymmetric elliptic problems (convection-diffusion equations) with mixed boundary conditions. A mesh independent rate of superlinear convergence is given when symmetric part preconditioning is applied to the FEM discretizations of the BVP. This is the extension of a similar result of the author for Dirichlet problems. The discussion relies on suitably developed Hilbert space theory for linear operators.     

Neutron powder diffraction studies in CaMn1‐xCuxO3 (x = 0, 0.2)

Neutron powder diffraction patterns were recorded on CaMn_1‐xCu_xO₃ (x = 0 and 0.20) compounds at different temperatures down to 11K. All the patterns were analyzed by employing Rietveld refinement technique and using the Fullprof program. The observed crystallographic peaks could be refined by using Pbnm space group and no structural transition has been observed down to 11K. An additional peak at 2θ = 16.7° has been observed with decrease in temperature below T_N and its intensity was found to increase with decrease in temperature. It could be indexed to magnetic (101) plane. The magnetic ordering is found to be G‐type antiferromagnetic behaviour. The magnetic moment at 11K for the samples x = 0.0 and 0.20 are found to be 2.69 and 2.42μ_B. The doped Cu ions are found to be in Cu²⁺ state and take part antiferromagnetic interactions with Mn ions. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)