SCMTR: a chloride-selective, membrane-anchored peptide channel that exhibits voltage gating

The design, synthesis, and characterization of a synthetic chloride membrane transporter, SCMTR (synthetic chloride membrane transporter, "scimitar"), are presented. The compound [CH3(CH2)17]2NCOCH2OCH2CO-GGGPGGG-OBzl inserts rapidly into liposomes and planar lipid bilayers. SCMTR has a 1.3 +/- 0.01 nS chloride diffusion pathway (>10:1 Cl/K selectivity). Evidence was also obtained for voltage gating behavior.     

Ueber Resultanten und Discriminanten von ϑ-Functionen höheren Grades

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zur Bestimmung der elektrolytischen Leitf?higkeit w?ssriger L?sungen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Theorie. Methode

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Magnetoresistance in granular films formed by CoFe and phase change material

Magnetoresistance having a field and current dependence like that of GMR (but a rather small magnitude) has been observed in Co₇₀Fe₃₀/GeTe and Co₇₀Fe₃₀/Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ granular films. Film stacks were fabricated using tandem (multilayer) deposition and annealing was required for the films to develop the GMR-type response. This GMR-type behavior is distinct from AMR, which is observed before annealing. With films having the structure [CoFe 4 nm/GeTe 6 nm]₁₀, a magnetoresistance (MR) of 0.19 %, which has the GMR-type character can be observed after an optimal annealing temperature of 450 °C. TEM and X-ray reflectometry suggest that columnar granules with layered Fe form during deposition and with annealing. Magnetoresistive transport is believed to be between the discontinuous layers in each columnar grain. These discontinuous layers are observed to be superparamagnetic in SQUID ZFC-FC measurements measured from 5–300 K. Magnetoresistance can be fitted by the quadratic relation appropriate for GMR in granular films, especially at higher GeTe compositions. When Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ is used instead of GeTe, higher anneal temperatures are required before the MR with GMR character appears. This GMR type response does not appear when pure Fe is used instead of the CoFe alloy, with the samples showing only AMR in this case. This is due to the absence of Co which seems to cause a more granular growth.