Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions in the synthesis of 5-aryl-1-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]uracils as potential multisubstrate inhibitors of thymidine phosphorylase

-5-Aryl-1-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]uracils were prepared via Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction of the appropriate 5-bromouracil derivative with a series of arylboronic acids followed by deprotection. These compounds were designed as potential multisubstrate inhibitors of thymidine phosphorylase based on an assumption that the potential hydrophobic effect of the aryl groups might modify the inhibitory effect towards this enzyme and they may also demonstrate cytostatic activity.     

Analysis of anthocyanin pigments in Lonicera (Caerulea) extracts using chromatographic fractionation followed by microcolumn liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Anthocyanins from the fruit Lonicera caerulea L. var. kamtschatica (blueberry honeysuckle, Caprifoliaceae) were studied via (semi)preparative chromatographic fractionation followed by MS and μLC/MS analysis. The extraction procedure was optimized with respect to analytical purposes as well as its potential use for the preparation of nutraceuticals. The highest yield of anthocyanins was obtained using acidified methanol as the extraction medium. A comparable total anthocyanin content was obtained using a mixture of methanol and acetone. However, when Lonicera anthocyanins were in contact with acetone, a condensation reaction occurred to a large extent and related 5-methylpyranoanthocyanins were found. The effect of other extraction media, including ethanol as a "green" solvent, is also discussed. The potential of two fractionation procedures for extract purification differing in their chromatographic selectivity and scale was studied (i.e. using a Sephadex LH-20 gel column and a reversed phase). Fractions obtained by both procedures were used for a detailed analysis. MS and μLC/MS(2) methods were used for monitoring anthocyanin and 5-methylpyranoderivatives content as well as identifying less common and more complex dyes (dimer of cyanidin-3-hexoside, cyanidin-ethyl-catechin-hexosides, etc.). These more complex dyes are most likely formed during fruit treatment.     

A Counterexample on Sample-Path Optimality in Stable Markov Decision Chains with the Average Reward Criterion

This note deals with Markov decision chains evolving on a denumerable state space. Under standard continuity-compactness requirements, an explicit example is provided to show that, with respect to a strong sample-path average reward criterion, the Lyapunov function condition does not ensure the existence of an optimal stationary policy.     

On comparison of ℓ-stable vector optimization results

Two papers with similar optimality conditions were published by I. Ginchev, and by D. Bedna?ík and K. Pastor independently in Nonlinear Analysis in 2011. We compare these results. We also show the equivalence of two definitions of ?-stability of vector functions. Moreover, we generalize another result given by I. Ginchev and V. I. Ivanov [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 340 (2008), 646–657] and compare it with the previously mentioned optimality conditions.     

State of the Art in the Field of Electronic and Bioelectronic Tongues – Towards the Analysis of Wines

This review compares various types of (bio)electronic tongues. The design and principles of potentiometric and voltammetric electronic tongues are discussed together with applications in food and environmental analysis. Different approaches towards bioelectronic tongue are presented. Several methods for evaluation and interpretation of the measured data are described. Finally, the potential of such devices for analysis of wine is discussed.