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81.
For digraphs D and H, a mapping f:V(D)→V(H) is a homomorphism ofDtoH if uv∈A(D) implies f(u)f(v)∈A(H). For a fixed directed or undirected graph H and an input graph D, the problem of verifying whether there exists a homomorphism of D to H has been studied in a large number of papers. We study an optimization version of this decision problem. Our optimization problem is motivated by a real-world problem in defence logistics and was introduced recently by the authors and M. Tso.Suppose we are given a pair of digraphs D,H and a cost ci(u) for each u∈V(D) and i∈V(H). The cost of a homomorphism f of D to H is ∑u∈V(D)cf(u)(u). Let H be a fixed digraph. The minimum cost homomorphism problem for H, MinHOMP(H), is stated as follows: For input digraph D and costs ci(u) for each u∈V(D) and i∈V(H), verify whether there is a homomorphism of D to H and, if it does exist, find such a homomorphism of minimum cost. In our previous paper we obtained a dichotomy classification of the time complexity of when H is a semicomplete digraph. In this paper we extend the classification to semicomplete k-partite digraphs, k≥3, and obtain such a classification for bipartite tournaments. 相似文献
82.
83.
Mohammad Ali Zolfigol Kamal Amani Maryam Hajjami Arash Ghorbani-Choghamarani 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》2008,121(4):895-899
A wide range of aliphatic or aromatic sulfides are selectively oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxides using ammonium cerium
(IV) nitrate (CAN) and a catalytic amount of KBr or NaBr in the presence of wet SiO2 in CH2Cl2 under heterogeneous conditions in moderate to high yields. 相似文献
84.
Mohammad Ali Zolfigol Kamal Amani Maryam Hajjami Arash Ghorbani-Choghamarani 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》2008,139(8):895-899
A wide range of aliphatic or aromatic sulfides are selectively oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxides using ammonium cerium
(IV) nitrate (CAN) and a catalytic amount of KBr or NaBr in the presence of wet SiO2 in CH2Cl2 under heterogeneous conditions in moderate to high yields.
Correspondence: Mohammad Ali Zolfigol, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, P.O. Box 6517838683, Hamadan, Iran; Kamal
Amani, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 6617715175, Sanandaj, Iran. 相似文献
85.
Omid Jahanmahin Mohammad Mehdi Montazer Rahmati Toraj Mohammadi Jaber Babaee Arash Khosravi 《Chemical Papers》2016,70(7):913-925
In this study, a novel flat-type synergic-supported liquid membrane was evaluated with a mixture of N-methyl-N,N,N-trioctylammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) as the carrier and kerosene as the diluent to remove Cr(VI) from synthetic waste water. The main parameters involved in the process were identified and optimised. The parameters were divided into two groups, those that were independent and those having an interaction. The parameters of the carrier/kerosene volumetric proportion and stirring rate were optimised individually due to their nature. The optimal values of these parameters were 0.5 and 500 min?1, respectively, for a constant carrier/kerosene ratio and stirring rate in the designed experiments using the response surface method (RSM). The four parameters of TBP/Aliquat 336, chromium concentration in the feed phase, feed and product pH were optimised using RSM; it was observed that the TBP/Aliquat 336 ratio, feed pH, pH of the stripping phase and interaction of this parameter with feed concentration have the most important effects on the removal of Cr(VI). The optimal levels of these parameters were 0.61, 71.75 mg L?1, 3.5 and 12.66 for the ratio of TBP/Aliquat 336, feed chromium concentration, pH of the feed and pH of the product, respectively. An experimental removal rate of 94.63 % at the optimized levels was obtained. 相似文献
86.
87.
Uday P. Palukuru Arash HanifiCushla M. McGoverin Sean DevlinPeter I. Lelkes Nancy Pleshko 《Analytica chimica acta》2016
Disease or injury to articular cartilage results in loss of extracellular matrix components which can lead to the development of osteoarthritis (OA). To better understand the process of disease development, there is a need for evaluation of changes in cartilage composition without the requirement of extensive sample preparation. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a chemical investigative technique based on molecular vibrations that is increasingly used as an assessment tool for studying cartilage composition. However, the assignment of specific molecular vibrations to absorbance bands in the NIR spectrum of cartilage, which arise from overtones and combinations of primary absorbances in the mid infrared (MIR) spectral region, has been challenging. In contrast, MIR spectroscopic assessment of cartilage is well-established, with many studies validating the assignment of specific bands present in MIR spectra to specific molecular vibrations. In the current study, NIR imaging spectroscopic data were obtained for compositional analysis of tissues that served as an in vitro model of OA. MIR spectroscopic data obtained from the identical tissue regions were used as the gold-standard for collagen and proteoglycan (PG) content. MIR spectroscopy in transmittance mode typically requires a much shorter pathlength through the sample (≤10 microns thick) compared to NIR spectroscopy (millimeters). Thus, this study first addressed the linearity of small absorbance bands in the MIR region with increasing tissue thickness, suitable for obtaining a signal in both the MIR and NIR regions. It was found that the linearity of specific, small MIR absorbance bands attributable to the collagen and PG components of cartilage (at 1336 and 856 cm−1, respectively) are maintained through a thickness of 60 μm, which was also suitable for NIR data collection. MIR and NIR spectral data were then collected from 60 μm thick samples of cartilage degraded with chondroitinase ABC as a model of OA. Partial least squares (PLS) regression using NIR spectra as input predicted the MIR-determined compositional parameters of PG/collagen within 6% of actual values. These results indicate that NIR spectral data can be used to assess molecular changes that occur with cartilage degradation, and further, the data provide a foundation for future clinical studies where NIR fiber optic probes can be used to assess the progression of cartilage degradation. 相似文献
88.
Kazem Barati William Clegg Mohammad Hossein Habibi Ross W. Harrington Arash Lalegani Morteza Montazerozohori 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2016,72(3):239-242
Transition metal complexes of Schiff base ligands have been shown to have particular application in catalysis and magnetism. The chemistry of copper complexes is of interest owing to their importance in biological and industrial processes. The reaction of copper(I) chloride with the bidentate Schiff base N,N′‐bis(trans‐2‐nitrocinnamaldehyde)ethylenediamine {Nca2en, systematic name: (1E,1′E,2E,2′E)‐N,N′‐(ethane‐1,2‐diyl)bis[3‐(2‐nitrophenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐imine]} in a 1:1 molar ratio in dichloromethane without exclusion of air or moisture resulted in the formation of the title complex μ‐chlorido‐μ‐hydroxido‐bis(chlorido{(1E,1′E,2E,2′E)‐N,N′‐(ethane‐1,2‐diyl)bis[3‐(2‐nitrophenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐imine]‐κ2N,N′}copper(II)) dichloromethane sesquisolvate, [Cu2Cl3(OH)(C20H18N4O4)2]·1.5CH2Cl2. The dinuclear complex has a folded four‐membered ring in an unsymmetrical Cu2OCl3 core in which the approximate trigonal bipyramidal coordination displays different angular distortions in the equatorial planes of the two CuII atoms; the chloride bridge is asymmetric, but the hydroxide bridge is symmetric. The chelate rings of the two Nca2en ligands have different conformations, leading to a more marked bowing of one of the ligands compared with the other. This is the first reported dinuclear complex, and the first five‐coordinate complex, of the Nca2en Schiff base ligand. Molecules of the dimer are associated in pairs by ring‐stacking interactions supported by C—H…Cl interactions with solvent molecules; a further ring‐stacking interaction exists between the two Schiff base ligands of each molecule. 相似文献
89.
Selected 5-ethynyl derivatives of 2'-deoxyuridine are shown to fluorometrically respond to hybridization and selectively base-pair to adenine whilst maintaining duplex stability. 相似文献
90.
Mohammad Reza Darafsheh Arash Darafsheh Ali Reza Ashrafi 《International journal of quantum chemistry》2007,107(2):340-344
Using nonrigid group theory, the full nonrigid (f‐NRG) group of 1,3,5‐trimethylbenzene (TMB) is shown to be isomorphic to the group S3[C3] = C3 S3 of order 162, where denotes the wreath product of groups, and C3 is the cyclic group of order three and S3 is the symmetric group of order six on three letters. This group has 22 conjugacy classes and irreducible representations. The character table of the full nonrigid TMB is then derived for the first time. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007 相似文献