Determination of Salbutamol, Amikacin and Paromomycin Sulfate by a Novel Sulfate Polymeric Membrane Sensor Based on 2,6-diphenyl 4-(4-methoxyphenyl) pyrylium perchlorate

A novel sulfate polymeric membrane sensor based on 2,6-diphenyl 4-(4-methoxyphenyl) pyrylium perchlorate (DMPP) as a sensing material is presented. The electrode displays a very low detection limit (4.0×10^–7M) and wide working concentration range (8.0×10^–7–1.0×10^–1M). The sensor shows remarkable selectivity toward sulfate over most common organic and inorganic anions, including chloride, acetate, nitrate, nitrite, bromide, iodide, thiocyanate, phosphate, fluoride, sulfite, hydrogen sulfite, hydrogen carbonate, citrate, tartarate and oxalate. The sensor reveals a Nernstian behavior (slope of –29.7±0.5mV per decade) in a wide pH range (3.0–9.5). The proposed sensor shows a short response time over the entire working range (15s) and was successfully applied to the direct determination of salbutamol, amikacin and paromomycin sulfate.     

Solid phase extraction of heavy metals on chemically modified silica-gel with 2-(3-silylpropylimino) methyl)-5-bromophenol in food samples

Trace amounts of Fe³⁺, Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions were efficiently enriched following complexation with silica-gel chemically functionalized with 2-((3-silylpropylimino)methyl)-5-bromophenol. The enriched metal ions efficiently eluted with 6?mL of 4.0?mol?L^?1 nitric acid and their metal contents were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The influences of the analytical parameters and experimental variables on the recoveries of the metal ions under study were investigated and optimized. The method has high sorption preconcentration efficiency even in the presence of various interfering ions. At optimum values of all variables the method is applicable for analysis of real samples with recoveries in the range of 95 to 105% with RSD lower than 4.2% and detection limits between 1.4 and 2.8?µg?L^?1.     

Integrated data envelopment analysis and cooperative game for evaluating energy efficiency of transportation sector: a case of Iran

Annals of Operations Research - Transportation sector with the consumption of 25% of energy play a major role in Iranian economy. This sector produces 27% of total undesirable greenhouse gases in...     

Dielectrophoresis microbial characterization and isolation of Staphylococcus aureus based on optimum crossover frequency

Characterization of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a significant concern that persists for the rapid classification and analysis of the bacteria. A technology that utilizes the manipulation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is key to solving the significant threat of these pathogenic bacteria by rapid characterization profile. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) can differentiate between antibiotic-resistant and susceptible bacteria based on their physical structure and polarization properties. In this work, the DEP response of two Gram-positive bacteria, namely, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), was investigated and simulated. The DEP characterization was experimentally observed on the bacteria influenced by oxacillin and vancomycin antibiotics. MSSA control without antibiotics has crossover frequencies ($f_{x0}$) from 6 to 8 MHz, whereas MRSA control is from 2 to 3 MHz. The $f_{x0}$ changed when bacteria were exposed to the antibiotic. As for MSSA, the $f_{x0}$ decreased to 3.35 MHz compared to $f_{x0}$ MSSA control without antibiotics, MRSA, $f_{x0}$ increased to 7 MHz when compared to MRSA control. The changes in the DEP response of MSSA and MRSA with and without antibiotics were theoretically proven using MyDEP and COMSOL simulation and experimentally based on the modification to the bacteria cell walls. Thus, the DEP response can be employed as a label-free detectable method to sense and differentiate between resistant and susceptible strains with different antibiotic profiles. The developed method can be implemented on a single platform to analyze and identify bacteria for rapid, scalable, and accurate characterization.     

The Newton-Kleinman method for the optimal control of stable weakly regular linear systems

We give an algorithm to find the approximate solution of the linear-quadratic optimal control problem for stable weakly regular linear systems. This algorithm can be understood as a generalization of the Newton-Kleinman method known from the finite-dimensional theory. The central characteristic of our approach is the possibility to solve problems with unbounded control and observation operators, which is motivated by partial differential equations with boundary control and observation. (© 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)