Passivation of laser induced defects in silicon by low energy hydrogen ion implantation

It is well established that the pulsed-laser annealing of as-implanted Si introduces electrically active defects. The aim of this paper is to show that these defects can be neutralized by low-energy hydrogen ion implantation. The techniques used for the sample characterization are current-voltage measurements and capacitance transient spectroscopy.     

Air-sampling of aldehydes—Application to chromatographic determination of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde

Summary After a brief review of several methods described in the literature this paper discusses air-sampling on 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-coated silica gel and identification requirements for aldehydes and ketones most commonly found in industrial pollution.Quantitative analysis of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde either by GC or by HPLC techniques is established using a dynamic system producing test atmospheres and compared with the usual colorimetric determinations.     

Microdetermination of oxygen at traces level in organic sulfur compounds

We have described an original method allowing us to determine traces of oxygen in organic compounds such as polymers modified through grafting of functions containing oxygen.The method allows us to obtain oxygen contents included between a few hundred ppm and 7 to 8%. It consists in the pyrolysis of the sample, the reduction of oxygen to carbon monoxide and, finally the detection of the latter in an infrared analyzer.     

β-Cleavage of Bis(homoallylic) Potassium Alkoxides. Two-Step Preparation of Propenyl Ketones from Carboxylic Esters. Synthesis of ar-Turmerone, α-Damascone, β-Damascone,and β-Damascenone

The transformation of 36 bis(homoallylic) alcohols VII to alkenones IX and X via β-cleavage of their potassium alkoxides VIIa in HMPA has been investigated (cf. Scheme 2). These studies have established an order of β-cleavage for 2-propenyl, 1-methyl-2propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2propenyl, and benzyl groups in alkoxides 49a – 56a and have allowed a comparison between the β-cleavege reaction and the oxy-Cope rearrangement in alkoxides 74a – 83a . As illustrative syntheti applications, a two-step preparatio of propenyl ketones 15 – 42 from carboxylic esters is described, together with syntheses of ar-turmerone ( 48 ), α-damascone ((E)- 71 ), β-damascone ((E)- 109 ), and β-damascenone ((E)- 111 ).     

β-Cleavage of Bis(homoallylic) Potassium Alkoxides. Preparation of 3-Hydroxypropyl and 4-Hydroxybutyl Propenyl Ketones from γ- and δ-Lactones. Synthesis of (±)-Rose oxide

Starting from γ- and δ-lactones 1 – 3 , a two-step preparation of 3-hydroxypropyl and 4- hydroxybutyl propenyl ketones 10 – 18 is described, involving as the key step the β-cleavage of the bis(homoallylic) potassium alkoxides 4a – 9a . The novel methodology is illustrated by a short synthesis of (±)-rose oxide( 20 ).     

Effect of polyion conformation on dye binding. I. Fluorescence of acridine orange in the presence of synthetic polyacids

The interaction between polyelectrolytes and Acridine Orange (AO) has been investigated in the case of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA), and a polycondensate between 1,3-benzene disulfonyl chloride and L -lysine (PLL) by visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The influence of both polymer ionization and polymer/dye ratio (P/D) on the spectral behavior of the bound dye has been studied. The stacking tendency of AO is found lower in the presence of PLL under compact conformation (in an ionization range depending on the nature of the counterion) with correlated enhancement of the green fluorescence of the monomeric species of the bound dye. The disappearance of the green fluorescence and the dimerization of bound AO are directly related to the increased flexibility of polyion chains upon ionization. Some analogy is found between the behavior of bound AO in the presence of very compact PLL chains and that reported for AO in the presence of native DNA, which might be due to specific interactions responsible for a kind of “intercalation” of the monomeric bound dye.