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61.
Deep level transient spectroscopy has been used to observe the reduced concentrations of vacancy-related defects in γ-irradiated n-type Si containing hydrogen atoms. Data are presented on the efficiency and depth of this damage reduction as a function of the duration and temperature of the exposure to the plasma used to introduce the atomic hydrogen. A 3-hour exposure in an H plasma at 300°C prior to irradiation reduced the concentrations of the O-V, V-V and P-V centres by half or more to a depth of ~20 μm, compared to the control samples. 相似文献
62.
D. K. Kuznetsov I. S. Baturin V. Ya. Shur N. Menou C. Muller T. Schneller A. Sternberg 《Physics of the Solid State》2006,48(6):1174-1176
The effect of irradiation with electrons and neutrons and of exposure to synchrotron radiation on cyclic switching of polarization in thin films of lead zirconate titanate Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) was studied. It is shown that variations in the shape of switching currents are due to the generation of a spatially nonuniform bound internal field with account for an increase in the rate of bulk screening caused by irradiation. A correlation between structural variations and the evolution of the switching current measured during and after irradiation is established. 相似文献
63.
We analytically investigate the effect of an external mirror on the stability of an injected semiconductor laser, the latter treated as injected damped oscillators. In the studied configuration, the injected semiconductor laser with an external mirror is under the influence of a chaotic oscillating optical signal that is generated by a similar semiconductor master laser. We derive our results in terms of the damping rate and resonance frequency. We show that the external mirror can eliminate the unstable modes of the injected laser at low frequencies. Furthermore, the mirror can enhance the damping of the oscillation modes of the injected semiconductor laser; consequently, the driven response of the injected laser may have a broad spectrum, even wider than that of the chaotic driving signal. We also show results for the bandwidths of the injection amplitude and phase increment as functions of the injection rate and feedback strength of the external mirror. In addition, we use bifurcation and time-series curves to describe the dynamical behavior of the injected laser. We identify the feedback strength of injected laser, relative to that of the master laser, which induces synchronization between the injected-laser oscillation modes and the master laser. 相似文献
64.
The study of reductive group actions on a normal surface singularityX is facilitated by the fact that the group Aut X of automorphismsof X has a maximal reductive algebraic subgroup G which containsevery reductive algebraic subgroup of Aut X up to conjugation.If X is not weighted homogeneous then this maximal group G isfinite (Scheja, Wiebe). It has been determined for cusp singularitiesby Wall. On the other hand, if X is weighted homogeneous butnot a cyclic quotient singularity then the connected componentG1 of the unit coincides with the C* defining the weighted homogeneousstructure (Scheja, Wiebe, Wahl). Thus the main interest liesin the finite group G/G1. Not much is known about G/G1. Ganterhas given a bound on its order valid for Gorenstein singularitieswhich are not log-canonical. Aumann-Körber has determinedG/G1 for all quotient singularities. We propose to study G/G1 through the action of G on the minimalgood resolution of X. If X is weightedhomogeneous but not a cyclic quotient singularity, let E0 bethe central curve of the exceptional divisor of . We show that the natural homomorphism GAut E0 haskernel C* and finite image. In particular, this re-proves therest of Scheja, Wiebe and Wahl mentioned above. Moreover, itallows us to view G/G1 as a subgroup of Aut E0. For simple ellipticsingularities it equals (ZbxZb)Aut0 E0 where b is theself-intersection number of E0, ZbxZb is the group of b-torsionpoints of the elliptic curve E0 acting by translations, andAut0 E0 is the group of automorphisms fixing the zero elementof E0. If E0 is rational then G/G1 is the group of automorphismsof E0 which permute the intersection points with the branchesof the exceptional divisor while preserving the Seifert invariantsof these branches. When there are exactly three branches weconclude that G/G1 is isomorphic to the group of automorphismsof the weighted resolution graph. This applies to all non-cyclicquotient singularities as well as to triangle singularities.We also investigate whether the maximal reductive automorphismgroup is a direct product GG1xG/G1. This is the case, for instance,if the central curve E0 is rational of even self-intersectionnumber or if X is Gorenstein such that its nowhere-zero 2-form has degree ±1. In the latter case there is a naturalsection G/G1G of GG/G1 given by the group of automorphisms inG which fix . For a simple elliptic singularity one has GG1xG/G1if and only if E0 · E0 = 1. 相似文献
65.
A classical and quantum mechanical generalized second law of thermodynamics in cosmology implies constraints on the effective equation of state of the universe in the form of energy conditions, obeyed by many known cosmological solutions, forbids certain cosmological singularities, and is compatible with entropy bounds. This second law is based on the conjecture that causal boundaries and not only event horizons have geometric entropies proportional to their area. In string cosmology the second law provides new information about nonsingular solutions. 相似文献
66.
67.
The effects of viscous heating on the stability of Taylor-Couette flow were investigated through flow visualization experiments for Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids. For highly viscous Newtonian fluids, viscous heating drives a transition to a new, oscillatory mode of instability at a critical Reynolds number significantly below that at which the inertial transition is observed in isothermal flows. The effects of viscous heating may explain the discrepancies between the observed and predicted critical conditions and the symmetry of the disturbance flow for viscoelastic instabilities. 相似文献
68.
Fera A Dolbnya IP Grubel G Muller HG Ostrovskii BI Shalaginov AN de Jeu WH 《Physical review letters》2000,85(11):2316-2319
Coherent dynamic x-ray scattering has been used to study the thermally excited layer fluctuations in freely suspended smectic films of the compound 4O.8. Using 8-keV x rays and films with a thickness around 0.3 &mgr;m we resolve relaxation times down to a few &mgr;s. A combination of damped and oscillatory behavior is observed for the layer undulations, which can be attributed to inertial effects. These are due to the surface contribution to the free energy which cannot be disregarded for thin films. 相似文献
69.
The detection and evaluation of defects in industrial components relies strongly on ultrasonic inspection techniques. Distance gain size (DG) or reference reflector methods can be improved concerning their localization, signal-to-noise ratio and sizing accuracy by the synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT). To obtain a high quality image, parameters like focal probe versus contact technique probe, achieved resolution or features of SAFT images compared with B-scan images are discussed. The implementation of SAFT in a CAD environment allows us to present stacked 2D reconstructions dynamically. On a cladded testblock with half-penny shaped cracks the advantage of combining CAD with SAFT is shown. A 3D SAFT example finalizes the overview of two decades of experience in applying this technique. 相似文献
70.