含扑酸的三烃基锡配合物的合成及结构研究

用扑酸(H₂pa,2,3-diphenylpropionicacid)和三烃基锡氯化物R₃SnCl(R=Ph,Bu,Me)合成了3个有机锡配合物{[(Ph₃Sn)(pa)]·Et₃N}_n(1)、(Bu₃Sn)₂(pa)(2)和[(Me₃Sn)₂(pa)]·CH₂Cl₂(3)。通过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振谱及X-ray单晶衍射等手段对配合物进行了表征。结构表明三苯基锡扑酸酯为一维链状聚合物,扑酸作为桥联配体链接各个锡原子,中心锡采取五配位的三角双锥构型;而三甲基锡和三丁基锡扑酸酯配合物为二核锡配合物,锡采取四配位的四面体构型。     

The effect of complexing agent on crystal growth,structure and properties of nanostructured Cu_（2-x）S thin films

Thin films of Cu2 x S（x = 0, 1） were deposited on self-assembled, monolayer modified substrates in the copper–thiosulfate system with various concentrations of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid（EDTA） at a low temperature of 70 8C. The thin films were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction（XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope（XPS）, field emission scanning electron microscopy（FESEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）. The optical and photoelectrochemical（PEC） properties of the Cu2 x S semiconductor films were investigated by ultraviolet–visible（UV–vis） absorption spectroscopy and a three-electrode system. It is found that EDTA plays a key role in the process of Cu2 x S nanocrystals formation and growth. The compositions of the Cu2 x S nanocrystals varied from Cu2S（chalcocide） to Cu S（covellite） through adjusting the concentration of EDTA, which is used as a complexing agent to yield high-quality Cu2 x S films. The growth mechanisms of Cu2 x S nanocrystals with different EDTA concentrations are proposed and discussed in detail.     

看谱分析技术在铁基材料锰、钼等元素测定中的应用研究

对看谱分析技术中的强度标法进行了应用研究,摄制了相应的彩色图谱,研究了分析线和比较线的选取及使用等关键技术.研究结果能够满足合金材料元素定性和半定量分析的需要,实现材料牌号快速鉴别的目的.     

The behavior of two non-symmetrical permeable cracks emanating from an elliptical hole in a piezoelectric solid

Based on the Stroh-type formalism, we present a concise analytic method to solve the problem of complicated defects in piezoelectric materials. Using this method and the technique of conformal mapping, the problem of two non-symmetrical collinear cracks emanating from an elliptical hole in a piezoelectric solid is investigated under remotely uniform in-plane electric loading and anti-plane mechanical loading. The exact solutions of the field intensity factors and the energy release rate are presented in closed-form under the permeable electric boundary condition. With the variation of the geometrical parameters, the present results can be reduced to the well-known results of a mode-III crack in piezoelectric materials. Moreover, new special models used for simulating more practical defects in a piezoelectric solid are obtained, such as two symmetrical edge cracks and single edge crack emanating from an elliptical hole or circular hole, T-shaped crack, cross-shaped crack, and semi-infinite plane with an edge crack. Numerical results are then presented to reveal the effects of geometrical parameters and the applied mechanical loading on the field intensity factors and the energy release rate.     

甘草酸的微波辅助提取与强化传质机理

本文以水为提取剂,采用微波预处理-索氏提取法从甘草中提取甘草酸,分别考察了微波辐照功率、微波辐照时间、预处理加水量、提取时间对甘草酸粗品得率的影响,并结合目标成分从基质材料向提取溶剂扩散的阻力分析,探讨了目标成分提取的强化传质机理,为进一步建立提取动力学模型与优化传质过程奠定了基础。     

初中化学“科学探究主题复习”项目式教学*——比较不同果蔬中维生素C的含量

确立“比较不同果蔬中维生素C的含量”项目,选取生活中常见的猕猴桃、梨、紫甘蓝和黄瓜等4种果蔬,通过预规划项目、规划项目、比较4种果蔬中维生素C的含量以及提交探究报告等4组任务,建构科学探究解决化学问题的路线图,感受配制一定溶质质量分数溶液和根据化学方程式定量计算的实际价值,形成科学的物质观、健康观以及性质决定应用的观念,发展用控制变量思想设计实验、基于证据推理得出结论和对实验结果可靠性的反思评价等学科关键能力,培养严谨求实、质疑审辩的科学态度。     

La-Co共掺杂的M型锶铁氧体纳米纤维的制备和磁性能

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和金属盐为原料,采用静电纺丝、溶胶-凝胶技术以及随后的热处理工艺,制备了La、Co共掺杂的M型锶铁氧体Sr1-xLaxFe12-xCoxO19(x=0.12)(SLFC)纳米纤维.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和超导量子干涉仪(SQUID)技术对纳米纤维样品的结构、形貌和磁学性能进行了观测,系统地研究了不同温度下样品的磁性能变化.结果表明:经过950°C焙烧2h后,得到纯相的M型锶铁氧体纳米纤维,纤维呈竹节状结构,直径约55nm;室温下测得矫顽力(Hc)为498.53kA·m-1,饱和磁化强度(Ms)为70.76A·m2·kg-1,剩磁(Mr)为36.35A·m2·kg-1,这比未掺杂SrFe12O19(SF)时纳米纤维的磁性能有明显的改善,并且与在相同温度下制得的相应纳米粉体样品相比,磁性能明显提高.     

Isothermal bulk modulus and its first pressure derivative of NaCl at high pressure and high temperature

The isothermal bulk modulus and its first pressure derivative of NaCl are investigated using the classical molecular dynamics method and the quasi-harmonic Debye model.To ensure faithful molecular dynamics simulations,two types of potentials,the shell-model(SM) potential and the two-body rigid-ion Born-Mayer-Huggins-Fumi-Tosi(BMHFT) potential,are fully tested.Compared with the SM potential based simulation,the molecular dynamics simulation with the BMHFT potential is very successful in reproducing accurately the measured bulk modulus of NaCl.Particular attention is paid to the prediction of the isothermal bulk modulus and its first pressure derivative using the reliable potential and to the comparison of the SM and the BMHFT potentials based molecular dynamics simulations with the quasi-harmonic Debye model.The properties of NaCl in the pressure range of 0-30 GPa at temperatures up to the melting temperature of 1050 K are investigated.     

Mn掺杂SnO_2一维纳米结构的制备、形貌及光学性质

用化学气相沉积(CVD)法制备了Mn掺杂的SnO2一维纳米结构(纳米线及纳米带),X射线衍射(XRD)显示样品为金红石型SnO2晶体,其生长机理可分别归结为气-液-固(VLS)和气-固(VS)机理,生长温度和气态原料浓度的差别是造成样品形貌及生长机理不同的主要原因.样品的拉曼谱出现了500、543、694和720cm-1四个新拉曼谱峰,分别是由活性的红外模和表面模引起的.纳米线及纳米带发光峰位于520nm处,发光强度随样品中氧空位的增减出现由强到弱的变化.     

Selective Formation of Polyaniline Confined in the Nanopores of a Metal–Organic Framework for Supercapacitors

In this study, a strategy that can result in the polyaniline (PANI) solely confined within the nanopores of a metal–organic framework (MOF) without forming obvious bulk PANI between MOF crystals is developed. A water-stable zirconium-based MOF, UiO-66-NH₂, is selected as the MOF material. The polymerization of aniline is initiated in the acidic suspension of UiO-66-NH₂ nanocrystals in the presence of excess poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS). Since the pore size of UiO-66-NH₂ is too small to enable the insertion of the bulky PSS, the quick formation of pore-confined solid PANI and the slower formation of well dispersed PANI:PSS occur within the MOF crystals and in the bulk solution, respectively. By taking advantage of the resulting homogeneous PANI:PSS polymer solution, the bulk PANI:PSS can be removed from the PANI/UiO-66-NH₂ solid by successive washing the sample with fresh acidic solutions through centrifugation. As this is the first time reporting the PANI solely confined in the pores of a MOF, as a demonstration, the obtained PANI/UiO-66-NH₂ composite material is applied as the electrode material for supercapacitors. The PANI/UiO-66-NH₂ thin films exhibit a pseudocapacitive electrochemical characteristic, and their resulting electrochemical activity and charge-storage capacities are remarkably higher than those of the bulk PANI thin films.