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1.
The γcmc values of CTAB-SDS decrease from 63.67 mN/m at 10‡C to 36.38 mN/m at 90‡C, slightly lower than those of either CTAB or SDS.
Correspondingly, the CMC of CTAB-SDS decreases almost by half. The increase of surface activity of CTAB-SDS can be attributed
to the relatively weak electrostatic interaction at high temperature, which is supported by the increase of solubility of
CTAB-SDS with rise in temperature. Catalytic effect on oxidation of toluene derivatives with potassium permanganate follows
the order CTAB-SDS > SDS > CTAB. This is not caused by the dissociative effect of CTAB-SDS with low surface activity at low
temperature, as seen from the fact that almost all oxidative products can be retrieved for different toluene derivatives and
surfactants by mimicking the conditions of reaction. In the emulsifications of toluene derivatives at 90‡C, the time that
turbid water layers of surfactant solutions take to become clear is the same as that of the catalytic effect on oxidation
of toluene derivatives. Thus, it can be inferred that surfactants can improve the oxidation yields of toluene derivatives
by increasing the contact between two reacting phases. 相似文献
2.
Incomplete LU factorization preconditioning techniques often have difficulty on indefinite sparse matrices. We present hybrid reordering strategies to deal with such matrices, which include new diagonal reorderings that are in conjunction with a symmetric nondecreasing degree algorithm. We first use the diagonal reorderings to efficiently search for entries of single element rows and columns and/or the maximum absolute value to be placed on the diagonal for computing a nonsymmetric permutation. To augment the effectiveness of the diagonal reorderings, a nondecreasing degree algorithm is applied to reduce the amount of fill-in during the ILU factorization. With the reordered matrices, we achieve a noticeable improvement in enhancing the stability of incomplete LU factorizations. Consequently, we reduce the convergence cost of the preconditioned Krylov subspace methods on solving the reordered indefinite matrices. 相似文献
3.
本文介绍一种用牛顿力学研究赛跑运动的物理模型,给出两种情形下跑步时间的最优化结果.这一结果与优秀运动员的实际比赛成绩很好地相符. 相似文献
4.
在保持非负定性不变的前提下,本文对矩阵每一元素容许多大的扰动作了进一步的研究, 将本文的结论和C.R.Johnson提出的部分正定阵的正定完备化进行比较,容易发现对已知的正定矩阵求扰动,本文的结论比用C.R.Johnson的正定完备化计算扰动形式上更简单,同时也给出了不同于C.R.Johnson的部分正定阵的正定完备化表示的另外一个公式,推出了这些正定完备化矩阵应具有的若干性质. 相似文献
5.
Bingxin LiuYoshio Tatamitani Jun ShimadaTeruhiko Ogata 《Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy》2002,211(1):99-106
The microwave spectrum of the 35Cl and 37Cl isotopic species of 1-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-133b) has been investigated in the frequency region 10 to 50 GHz using a Stark modulation microwave spectrometer. A pulsed jet Fourier transform microwave spectrometer was also used for the measurement of hyperfine splittings. A least-squares analysis of the observed b-type Q- and R-branch transition frequencies gave rotational and centrifugal distortion constants and components of the chlorine nuclear quadrupole coupling constant tensors in the principal axes system as follows: A=4625.161 (3) MHz, B=2004.127 (2) MHz, C=1875.813 (2) MHz, ΔJ=0.144 (9) kHz, ΔJK=1.0748 (8) kHz, ΔK=1.57 (1) kHz, δJ=0.01376 (4) kHz, δK=−0.146 (4) kHz, χaa=−57.958 (10) MHz, χbb=21.231 (11) MHz, and χcc=36.727 (11) MHz for 35ClCF2CH2F species, and A=4607.684 (6) MHz, B=1960.565 (2) MHz, C=1834.823 (2) MHz, ΔJ=0.106 (7) kHz, ΔJK=1.022 (3) kHz, ΔK=1.48 (1) kHz, δJ=0.0142 (2) kHz, δK=−0.18 (2) kHz, χaa=−46.268 (11) MHz, χbb=17.319 (13) MHz, and χcc=28.950 (13) MHz for 37ClCF2CH2F species. The structural parameters are calculated from the observed six rotational constants by assuming the partial structure of ab initio calculation. The electronic properties of the C-Cl bond are evaluated from the observed nuclear quadrupole constants of chlorine. These molecular properties are compared with those of other related molecules. 相似文献
6.
The fuzzification of convex sets in median algebras is considered, and some of their properties are investigated. A characterization of finite valued fuzzy convex set is given. 相似文献
7.
The Iyengar Type Inequalities with Exact Estimations and the Chebyshev Central Algorithms of Integrals 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Xing Hua WANG Shi Jun YANG 《数学学报(英文版)》2005,21(6):1361-1376
In this paper, both low order and high order extensions of the Iyengar type inequality are obtained. Such extensions are the best possible in the same sense as that of the Iyengar inequality. hzrthermore, the Chebyshev central algorithms of integrals for some function classes and some related problems are also considered and investigated. 相似文献
8.
使用Monte Carlo模拟的方法得出了随机粗糙表面,在Kirchhoff近似的基础上,利用数值分析的方法分析了一维随机粗糙表面的散射特征,得出了一维随机粗糙表面散射分布曲线,我们还考虑了遮蔽效应的影响,并且讨论了Kirchhoff近似的有效性。 相似文献
9.
Zi‐Niu Wu 《国际流体数值方法杂志》2005,48(5):541-564
The widely used locally adaptive Cartesian grid methods involve a series of abruptly refined interfaces. In this paper we consider the influence of the refined interfaces on the steady state errors for second‐order three‐point difference approximations of flow equations. Since the various characteristic components of the Euler equations should behave similarly on such grids with regard to refinement‐induced errors, it is sufficient enough to conduct the analysis on a scalar model problem. The error we consider is a global error, different to local truncation error, and reflects the interaction between multiple interfaces. The steady state error will be compared to the errors on smooth refinement grids and on uniform grids. The conclusion seems to support the numerical findings of Yamaleev and Carpenter (J. Comput. Phys. 2002; 181: 280–316) that refinement does not necessarily reduce the numerical error. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.