Chromatographic characterization of molecularly imprinted microspheres for the separation and determination of trimethoprim in aqueous buffers

Molecularly imprinted microspheres (MIMs) against trimethoprim (TMP), prepared by aqueous microsuspension polymerization, bound strongly to TMP, by electrostatic and other non-covalent interactions. The effects of pH, kind and ionic strength (I) of buffer on capacity factors (k') have been discussed in detail. The capacity factors for TMP increased with increasing pH of both acetate and phosphate buffers. The effects of ionic strength on capacity factors were very substantial and the linear relationship between logk' and logI was described by the equation logk'=0.3162-0.4420logI with R=-0.9995. The results showed that pH 3.5 acetate buffer (0.05 mol L(-1)) containing 0.1 mol L(-1) sodium chloride and a 1:9 ratio of buffer to methanol were the optimum conditions for separation and determination of TMP. The calibration plot of peak area against concentration was linear with R=0.9979.     

提高大分子Fullerene含量的有效方法

通过用掺有异相物质的石墨电极进行电弧反应，所得的混合物中大分子Ｆｕｌｌｅｒｅｎｅ的含量在１０％以上，为进一步分离，提纯以及深入研究大分子Ｆｕｌｌｅｒｅｎｅ打下了基础。研究发现，阳极材料中完整石墨结构的存在是生成Ｆｕｌｌｅｒｅｎｅ的必要条件，异相物质的存在为Ｆｕｌｌｅｒｅｎｅ的生长提供了热的载体，从而使产物中大分子Ｆｕｌｌｅｒｅｎｅ的含量增加。     

Development of a miniature simultaneous MPT spectrometer

An unique miniature simultaneous microwave plasma torch (MPT) atomic emission spectrometer employing linear UV intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) array detector has been developed and studied preliminarily. The detection limits and precisions of the spectrometer for Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Sr and V by using different CCD exposure times have been determined. An analysis of a practical sample has been carried out. The preliminary results demonstrate that such simultaneous spectrometer has advantages of saving sample and time, especially suitable for use as detector for chromatography and in combination with flow injection systems. Taking analytical figures of merit and portability into accounts, the miniature simultaneous MPT system will have extended application areas and greater competition potential as compared with commercialized scanning MPT spectrometers.     

Synthesis and mechanism research of an ethylene glycol-based sol-gel method for preparing PZT nanopowders

Lead zirconate titanate nanopowders Pb(Zr_0.52Ti_0.48)O₃ (PZT) were prepared by modified sol-gel process in ethylene glycol system with zirconium nitrate as the zirconium source. The research showed that it was critical to add lead acetate after the reaction of zirconium nitrate and tetrabutyl titanate in ethylene glycol system for preparing PZT of exact titanium content. The reaction mechanisms of the sol synthesis, preparation of xerogel and agglutinating process were characterized through using FT-IR, NMR, TG-FTIR, and GC-MS. The experiment proved that ethylene glycol system did not rely on hydrolysis and condensation reactions in the process of the sol formation, but on the formation of chain or network large molecules from complexation of ethylene glycol and all Ti and minor Pd, Zr. In the preparation of xerogel, the complexation reaction was so completed that it formed large molecules network composed of metal and dioxyethyl. Bulk weight loss happened before 350°C in the process of sintering xerogel to prepare PZT nanopowders. Volatile matters and vapor phase decomposition resultants were primarily oxy-compounds including ethylene glycol, aldehyde-ketone compounds, carbon dioxide and nitrate radical conversion matters. After 350°C, primary vapor phase decomposition resultants were carbon dioxide and minor carbonyl compound.     

氟化钾团簇的相变、成核和重结晶的分子动力学模拟

我们利用Born-Mayer-Huggins相互作用势函数对(KF)_N(N=108，256，500和864)团簇进行了分子动力学(MD)模拟。为了避免周期性边界条件对相变、成核和重结晶的干扰作用，对体系采用了自由边界。基于MD模拟结果，对团簇的熔化温度、熔化焓、扩散系数、成核速率、固液界面自由能、临界核大小等进行了计算和讨论。在对(KF)₈₆₄双晶团簇的热退火模拟中，观察到了固态的重结晶和晶粒的生长。经典的成核理论成功地解释了(KF)₈₆₄双晶团簇的重结晶MD模拟结果。     

The first indium-organic two-dimensional layer network with rhombus grids

The indium(III)-organic compound [In(HBtc)₂(4,4′-bpy)](4,4′-Hbpy)(H₂O)_0.5 (Btc=1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate, 4,4′-bpy=4,4′-bipyridine) has been synthesized under hydrothermal condition and characterized by IR, fluorescent spectroscopy, TGA and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The compound crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, a=17.0884(2) Å, b=12.28390(10) Å, c=17.9456(4) Å, β=104.1920(10)°, V=3652.03(10) Å³, Z=4, R₁=0.0572 and wR₂=0.1116 [I>2σ(I)]. All the indium atoms in the compound are hepta-coordinated and link 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate forming a 2-D layer structure with rhombus grids.     

Cellulose hydrolysis using zinc chloride as a solvent and catalyst

Cellulose gel with < 10% of crystallinity was prepared by treatment of microcrystalline cellulose, Avicel, with zinc chloride solution at a ratio of zinc chloride to cellulose from 1.5 to 18 (w/w). The presence of zinc ions in the cellulose gels enhanced the rate of hydrolysis and glucose yield. The evidence obtained from X-ray diffraction, iodine absorption experiments; and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra analysis suggested the presence of zinc-cellulose complex after Avicel was treated with zinc chloride. Zinc-cellulose complex was more susceptible to hydrolysis than amorphous cellulose. Under the experimental condition, cellulose gels with zinc ions were hyrolyzed to glucose with 95% theoretical yield and a concentration of 14% (w/v) by cellulases within 20 h. The same gel was hydrolyzed by acid to glucose with 91.5% yield and a concentration of 13.4% (w/v).     

Xylan hydrolysis in zinc chloride solution

Xylan is the major component of hemicellulose, which consists of up to one-third of the lignocellulosic biomass. When the zinc chloride solution was used as a pretreatment agent to facilitate cellulose hydrolysis, hemicellulose was hydrolyzed during the pretreatment stage. In this study, xylan was used as a model to study the hydrolysis of hemicellulose in zinc chloride solution. The degradation of xylose that is released from xylan was reduced by the formation of zinc-xylose complex. The xylose yield was >90% (w/w) at 70°C. The yield and rate of hydrolysis were a function of temperature and the concentration of zinc chloride. The ratio of zinc chloride can be decreased from 9 to 1.3 (w/w). At this ratio, 76% of xylose yield was obtained. When wheat straw was pretreated with a concentrated zinc chloride solution, the hemicellulose hydrolysate contained only xylose and trace amounts of arabinose and oligosaccharides. With this approach, the hemicellulose hydrolysate can be separated from cellulose residue, which would be hydrolyzed subsequently to glucose by acid or enzymes to produce glucose. This production scheme provided a method to produce glucose and xylose in different streams, which can be fermented in separated fermenters.     

A two-color-change, nanoparticle-based method for DNA detection

Herein, we describe the detailed synthesis of Ag/Au core-shell nanoparticles, the surface-functionalization of these particles with thiolated oligonucleotides, and their subsequent use as probes for DNA detection. The Ag/Au core-shell nanoparticles retain the optical properties of the silver core and are easily functionalized with thiolated oligonucleotides due to the presence of the gold shell. As such, the Ag/Au core-shell nanoparticles have optical properties different from their pure gold counterparts and provide another “color” option for target DNA-directed colorimetric detection. Size-matched Ag/Au core-shell and pure gold nanoparticles perform nearly identically in DNA detection and melting experiments, but with distinct optical signatures. Based on this observation, we report the development of a two-color-change method for the detection and simultaneous validation of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in a DNA target using Ag/Au core-shell and pure gold nanoparticle probes.     

Chiral coordination polymer as a luminescence sensor for small organic molecules

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