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801.
802.
Sandra R. Signorella Raquel M. Cravero Luis E. Sala Edmundo A. Rúveda 《合成通讯》2013,43(16-17):1935-1945
The diastereo and regioselectivity of the bromohydrination of argentilactona [(5R)-(-)-δ-lactone of 5-hydroxydodeca-Z, Z-2,6-dienoic acid] and the regioselectivity of the aqueous acidic opening of its 65,75 and 6R,7R-epoxides were studied. Although the reactions occurred with low diasterofacial control, the regioselectivity observed in all cases was high, suggesting that the sequences could be of some synthetic value. 相似文献
803.
José Fernández-Bertrán Luis M. Alfonso Juan C. Alvarez Edilso Reguera 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2000,37(1-4):131-136
The adducts of urea and solid alkyl derivatives can beobtained mechanochemically in good yields. Theproducts synthesized by grinding the solid reagentshave identical IR spectra and XRD powder patterns tothose obtained by crystallization from ethanolicsolutions. 相似文献
804.
805.
Recent developments in microbial inulinases 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Ashok Pandey Carlos R. Soccol Ponniah Selvakumar Vanete T. Soccol Nadia Krieger Jose D. Fontana 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1999,81(1):35-52
Microbial inulinases are an important class of industrial enzymes that have gained much attention recently. Inulinases can
be produced by a host of microorganisms, including fungi, yeast, and bacteria. Among them, however, Aspergillus sp. (filamentous fungus) and Kluyveromyces sp. (diploid yeast) are apparently the preferred choices for commercial applications. Among various substrates (carbon source)
employed for their production, inulin-containing plant materials offer advantages in comparison to pure substrates. Although
submerged fermentation has been universally used as the technique of fermentation, attempts are being made to develop solidstate
fermentation technology also. Inulinases catalyze the hydrolysis of inulin to d-fructose (fructose syrup), which has gained an important place in human diets today. In addition, inulinases are finding
other newer applications. This article reviews more recent developments, especially those made in the past decade, on microbial
inulinases—its production using various microorganisms and substrates. It also describes the characteristics of various forms
of inulinases produced as well as their applications. 相似文献
806.
Pablo Albella Jose María Saiz Fernando Moreno 《Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer》2011,112(13):2046-2058
Light scattering from objects in the proximity of surfaces is of fundamental importance in a variety of surface- and field-enhanced optical sensing, spectroscopy and microscopy applications. Here, we present surface monitoring techniques based on the spectral analysis of the scattered light by metal nanoparticles which act as sensors (nanosensors) of sample substrates interacting with them. We will focus on the detection of surface inhomogeneities by studying the modifications undergone by the local fields produced in the surrounding of the nanosensor, giving rise to spectral changes in its Plasmon Resonances. We will also describe an alternative technique where the sample information is obtained from the changes induced in the linear polarization degree of the far field scattered by the tip and due to the interaction with the sample. 相似文献
807.
Marta Barbadillo Elena Casero Maria Dolores Petit-Domínguez Félix Pariente Encarnación Lorenzo Luis Vázquez 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2011,58(2):452-462
We have studied, by scanning electron and atomic force (AFM) microscopies, how each step involved in the building process
of massive carbon-based sol–gel enzymatic biosensors changes and determines the resulting surface morphology and nano-mechanical
properties. The biosensor, selected as a model, is developed by the entrapment of glucose oxidase (GOx), a redox mediator
and a material conferring conductivity (graphite powder, C) into a polymeric tridimensional network generated by sol–gel technology
using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as precursor. The smooth TEOS morphology is formed by an irregular nanoporous network, which
is very adequate for enzyme encapsulation. Upon addition of carbon powder to the system (TEOS/C), the surface morphology changes
but it is still rather irregular since carbon powder micro-grains are found scattered on it. This morphology results in a
rather rough surface at the micro- scale whereas at the nano- scale both atomically flat graphitic and nanoporous TEOS domains
are found. In contrast, the final biosensing device surface is quite homogeneous and composed by flat platelets separated
by deep crevices. On top of most of these platelets there is a soft, as assessed by AFM force indentation experiments, layer
of globular structures whose dimensions are compatible with GOx molecules. The final device surface architecture results to
be open and accessible both at the micro and nano scales, which turns it as adequate to enhance both the accessibility of
the analytes to entrapped proteins and the mass-transfer rates. Finally, in order to show the applicability of the studied
biosensor, its response was evaluated towards varying glucose concentrations, displaying a clear electrocatalytic activity. 相似文献
808.
Summary An ultramicro capillary method for the detection of sulphur in organic compounds is proposed. The sample is heated with a copper oxide-boron trioxide mixture, the sulphur trioxide evolved is reduced to sulphur dioxide by mercury and the gas is then detected by thep-rosaniline/formaldehyde reagent. Sensitivity ranges between 20 to 40 ng of sulphur. Sample taken should be 100 to 1000 ng. The test is unaffected by phosphorus, arsenic, and halogen derivatives, and by nitro and nitroso groups.
Zusammenfassung Ein Ultramikroverfahren zum Nachweis von Schwefel in organischen Substanzen wird vorgeschlagen. Die Probe wird in einer Kapillare mit einer Mischung aus Kupferoxid und Bortrioxid erhitzt, das freigesetzte Schwefeltrioxid mit Quecksilber zu Dioxid reduziert und dieses mit p-Rosanilin und Formaldehyd nachgewiesen. Die Nachweisgrenze liegt bei 20 bis 40 ng Schwefel. Etwa 100 bis 1000 ng Probe werden angewendet. Der Nachweis wird von Phosphor, Arsen und Halogenen nicht gestört, auch nicht von Nitro- oder Nitrosogruppen.
Résumé On propose une méthode ultramicro pour la recherche du soufre dans les composés organiques. On chauffe l'échantillon avec un mélange oxyde de cuivre-anhydride borique, l'anhydride sulfurique qui se dégage est réduit en anhydride sulfureux par le mercure et le gaz est alors décelé par le réactifp-rosaniline formaldéhyde. La sensibilité se situe entre 20 et 40 ng de soufre. La prise d'essai doit être de 100 à 1000 ng. Le phosphore, l'arsenic et les dérivés halogènés ne gênent pas la recherche, ni les groupes nitro et nitroso.相似文献
809.
810.
Mutual Diffusion Driven NMR: a new approach for the analysis of mixtures by spatially resolved NMR spectroscopy
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Christian F. Pantoja Jose A. Bolaños Andrés Bernal Julien Wist 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2017,55(6):519-524
We introduce a new approach for resolving the NMR spectra of mixtures that relies on the mutual diffusion of dissolved species when a concentration gradient is established within the NMR tube. This is achieved by cooling down a biphasic mixture of triethylamine and deuterated water below its mixing temperature, where a single phase is expected. Until equilibrium is reached, a gradient of concentration, from ‘pure’ triethylamine to ‘pure’ water, establishes within the tube. The amount of time required to reach this equilibrium is controlled by the mutual diffusion coefficient of both species. Moreover, a gradient of concentration exists for each additional compound dissolved in this system, related to the partition coefficient for that compound in the original biphasic state. Using slice selective experiments, it was possible to measure these concentration gradients and use them to separate signals from all the present species. We show the results acquired for a mixture composed of n‐octanol, methanol, acetonitrile and benzene and compare them with those obtained by pulse field gradient NMR. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献