Static cylindrically symmetric solution of the Kaluza-Klein equations

In this paper we investigate the (static) solution of the Kaluza-Klein equations for a cylindrically symmetric current distribution. Specifically, we are interested in the fields generated by a long, cylindrical solenoid. We shall examine in some detail the concept of effective mass of a charged test particle. We shall show that, for a certain charge-to(rest)mass ratio of the test particle, the effective mass becomes imaginary at a certain distance from the axis of our solenoid.     

A confidence interval for the slope of a truncated regression

Summary Bhattacharya, Chernoff and Yang (1983) proposed a nonparametric estimate for the slope of a regression lineY = _o X + V subjected to the truncationYy ₀. The estimate corresponds to the zero-crossing of a random functionS _n (). In this paper an estimate for the asymptotic variance of the estimate of the slope is proposed and the rate of convergence is given. The proofs rest heavily on the local behavior ofS _n () in the neighborhood of the true value _o.     

On the permanence of the null character of Maxwell fields

A critical review of known results about the permanence conditions for the null character of the solutions to the (vacuum) Maxwell equations, is presented. Concomitants of the electromagnetic field and the metric tensor are constructed, which give the principal directions of the field in covariant form. The known permanence conditions are generalized in order to includeall the (local) null fields; the above concomitants allow these conditions to be explicitly formulated in terms of the electromagnetic field.Supported in part by Conselleria de Cultura, Educació i Ciència de la Generalitat Valenciana.     

Laser properties of coactivated YAP: Nd free of colour centres

YAP:Nd, Cr grown under Ar-H₂ or Ar-He-H₂ atmosphere possesses good energy transfer from Cr³⁺ to Nd³⁺ but suffers from the colour centre formation. The centre formation was completely prevented using further admixture of Ce³⁺ and 10^–4–10^–3 wt. % Fe. Small luminescence quenching of Cr³⁺ or Nd³⁺ due to iron ions is negligible in the presence of Ce³⁺. The crystals may be also heavily doped with Nd³⁺ because the increased pumping efficiency compensates the shortening of the luminescence lifetime. YAP: Nd, Ce, Cr, Fe is advisible active laser material particularly for all the types of pulsed lasers.     

Determination of gallium by anodic stripping square-wave voltammetry Detection of a GaZn intermetallic compound and its destruction by Sb in an NaSCNNaClO(4) supporting electrolyte

Reproducibility for successive determinations with a hanging mercury drop electrode is assessed in relation to solution stirring, drop size and back-diffusion to the mercury thread. The effect of experimental parameters such as drop size, deposition time and gallium concentration on the observed stripping current is investigated. The interference of zinc present in a 0.5M NaSCN + 4.2M NaClO(4) supporting electrolyte on the gallium detection limit and calibration plots is described. Formation of an intermetallic compound with a Zn:Ga ratio of 2:3 and its destruction by co-deposition of zinc with Sb are reported. A detection limit of 10(-8)M gallium was obtained in the presence of 10(-5)M Sb(III).     

Preparation,characterization and a kinetic study oftrans-[Ru(NH3)4L(H2O)](PF6)2 [L=PPh3, AsPh3, or SbPh3]

Summary The complexestrans-[Ru(NH₃)₄(H₂O)PPh₃](PF₆)₂ and [Ru(NH₃)₅L](PF₆)₂, (L=AsPh₃ or SbPh₃) have been isolated and characterized by microanalysis, cyclic voltammetry and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The specific rate constants for the aquation of [Ru(NH₃)₅L]²⁺ totrans-[Ru(NH₃)₄L(H₂O)]²⁺ are (2.5±0.1)×10^–5s^–1 and (1.8±0.1)×10^–5s^–1 for L=AsPh₃ and SbPh₃, respectively, at 25.0±0.1°C; =0.10 mol dm^–3, NaO₂CCF₃. Under the same conditions, the second-order rate constants for the substitution of water intrans-[Ru(NH₃)₄(H₂O)L]²⁺ by isonicotinamide (isn) are 1.2±0.1, (6.3±0.3)×10^–2 and (3.8±0.2)×10^–2 m ^–1s^–1 for L=PPh₃, AsPh₃, and SbPh₃, respectively, suggesting that the order of decreasingtrans-effect is: PPh₃AsPh₃>SbPh₃. The formation constants for thetrans-[Ru(NH₃)₄L(isn)]²⁺ complexes are 75±3, (1.40±0.01)×10³ and (1.80±0.02)×10³M^–1 for L=PPh₃, AsPh₃, and SbPh₃, respectively, suggesting that the order of increasingtrans-influence is: SbPh₃3PPh₃.     

Some trends in the development of microplasmas for spectrochemical analysis

The development of microplasmas for spectrochemical analysis by optical methods is discussed. Recent achievements in miniaturization are highlighted, especially for three types of plasmas, namely high-frequency plasmas, dc-discharges and microwave plasmas. The potentials of each of these groups of plasmas as sources for atomic emission spectrometry are discussed. Literature citations and experiments indicate that the plasmas are also very useful as atom reservoirs for atomic absorption spectrometry. Methods of sampling, including feeding with gas chromatography effluents, the use of electrothermal vaporization, and the evolution of gaseous species (as shown for the case of Hg vapor), are discussed as prominent interfaces to make use of these sources for elemental analysis.