全文获取类型
收费全文 | 145篇 |
免费 | 0篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 91篇 |
力学 | 6篇 |
数学 | 25篇 |
物理学 | 23篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 2篇 |
2018年 | 1篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 1篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 2篇 |
2013年 | 7篇 |
2012年 | 2篇 |
2011年 | 6篇 |
2010年 | 5篇 |
2009年 | 5篇 |
2008年 | 9篇 |
2007年 | 11篇 |
2006年 | 7篇 |
2005年 | 8篇 |
2004年 | 9篇 |
2003年 | 3篇 |
2002年 | 7篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
2000年 | 1篇 |
1999年 | 1篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有145条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Ruusunen Jarno Ihalainen Mika Koponen Tarmo Torvela Tiina Tenho Mikko Salonen Jarno Sippula Olli Joutsensaari Jorma Jokiniemi Jorma Lähde Anna 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2014,16(2):1-11
Enteric-coated formulations can delay the release of drugs until they have passed through the stomach. However, high concentration of drugs caused by rapidly released in the small intestine leads to the intestinal damage, and frequent administration would increase the probability of missing medication and reduce the patient compliance. To solve the above-mentioned problems, aspirin-loaded enteric-coated sustained-release nanoparticles with core–shell structure were prepared via one-step method using coaxial electrospray in this study. Eudragit L100-55 as pH-sensitive polymer and Eudragit RS as sustained-release polymer were used for the outer coating and inner core of the nanoparticles, respectively. The maximum loading capacity of nanoparticles was 23.66 % by changing the flow rate ratio of outer/inner solutions, and the entrapment efficiency was nearly 100 %. Nanoparticles with core–shell structure were observed via fluorescence microscope and transmission electron microscope. And pH-sensitive and sustained drug release profiles were observed in the media with different pH values (1.2 and 6.8). In addition, mild cytotoxicity in vitro was detected, and the nanoparticles could be taken up by Caco-2 cells within 1.0 h in cellular uptake study. These results indicate that prepared enteric-coated sustained-release nanoparticles would be a more safety and effective carrier for oral drug delivery. 相似文献
52.
Jorma Lehtonen Risto Mikkonen Jaakko Paasi 《Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications》1998,310(1-4):340-344
Stability of a Bi-2223/Ag multifilamentary composite conductor against fast transport current ramps was studied by using a numerical model. The model was based on the two-dimensional magnetic diffusion and heat conduction equations. Calculations were carried out both in an adiabatic mode and pool boiling modes in liquid helium, hydrogen and nitrogen. When estimating the heat load (AC losses), real temperature dependent current density–electric field characteristics were used. The results computed by the finite element method are presented and discussed with special emphasis on differences of the stability considerations between high-temperature and low-temperature superconductors. 相似文献
53.
We present a new index for approximate string matching. The index collects text q-samples, that is, disjoint text substrings of length q, at fixed intervals and stores their positions. At search time, part of the text is filtered out by noticing that any occurrence of the pattern must be reflected in the presence of some text q-samples that match approximately inside the pattern. Hence the index points out the text areas that could contain occurrences and must be verified. The index parameters permit load balancing between filtering and verification work, and provide a compromise between the space requirement of the index and the error level for which the filtration is still efficient. We show experimentally that the index is competitive against others that take more space, being in fact the fastest choice for intermediate error levels, an area where no current index is useful. 相似文献
54.
Both of the following conditions are equivalent to the absoluteness of a norm ν in n: (1) for all n×n diagonal matrices D=(dk), the subordinate operator norm Nν(D)=maxk|dk|; (2) for all n×n matrices A, Nν(A) ?Nν(|A|). These conditions are modified for partitioned matrices by replacing absolute values with norms of blocks. A generalization of absoluteness is thus obtained. 相似文献
55.
Markus P. K. Turunen Tomi Laurila Jorma K. Kivilahti 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2002,40(18):2137-2149
The surface free energy of crosslinked photodefinable epoxy (PDE) was evaluated from the advancing contact angles measured by the sessile drop method. Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) was used as a reference material in the evaluation of the surface free energies by various models. Pure water, diiodomethane, formamide, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, 1‐bromonaphthalene, decane, and tetradecane were used as the probing liquids. The surface free energies for PDE and PTFE were calculated to be 43.6 and 21.2 mJ/m2, respectively. The contact‐angle measurements indicated the isotropy of the PDE surface with respect to the surface free energy. The PDE coating was further characterized with scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The PDE surface was treated chemically and by reactive ion etching (RIE) to determine their impact on the wettability and adhesion. The treatments resulted in decreased contact angles between the crosslinked PDE surface and water as the polarity of the surface increased from about 9% to 18 and 43% by the chemical and RIE treatments, respectively. On the contrary, the surface free energy of the treated PDEs, as calculated by the geometric mean model, did not change markedly (to 47.4 and 41.8 mJ/m2 by the chemical and RIE treatments, respectively). Consequently, the contact angles of diiodomethane and the PDE solution on the treated surfaces did not decrease noticeably. The stud‐pull test showed improved adhesion strength for PDE that was left less crosslinked and, therefore, had residual affinity against the sequential PDE layer. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2137–2149, 2002 相似文献
56.
A novel method for determining the polymerization mechanism and the kinetic rate constants from the molecular weight distribution is proposed. The particular criterion function used as basis for parameter adjustment is where θ is the vector of dependent variables, y(r, θ) is the theoretical molecular weight distribution for the assumed polymerization mechanism, and yE(r) is the experimental molecular weight distribution which is a function of the chain length r. A form of the gradient method of optimization was used to solve the criterion function. The proposed method is particularly powerful since the whole molecular weight distribution is utilized. 相似文献
57.
The kinetics of the reaction of the CH3CHBr, CHBr2 or CDBr2 radicals, R, with HBr have been investigated in a temperature-controlled tubular reactor coupled to a photoionization mass spectrometer. The CH3CHBr (or CHBr2 or CDBr2) radical was produced homogeneously in the reactor by a pulsed 248 nm exciplex laser photolysis of CH3CHBr2 (or CHBr3 or CDBr3). The decay of R was monitored as a function of HBr concentration under pseudo-first-order conditions to determine the rate constants as a function of temperature. The reactions were studied separately from 253 to 344 K (CH3CHBr + HBr) and from 288 to 477 K (CHBr2 + HBr) and in these temperature ranges the rate constants determined were fitted to an Arrhenius expression (error limits stated are 1σ + Student’s t values, units in cm3 molecule−1 s−1, no error limits for the third reaction): k(CH3CHBr + HBr) = (1.7 ± 1.2) × 10−13 exp[+ (5.1 ± 1.9) kJ mol−1/RT], k(CHBr2 + HBr) = (2.5 ± 1.2) × 10−13 exp[−(4.04 ± 1.14) kJ mol−1/RT] and k(CDBr2 + HBr) = 1.6 × 10−13 exp(−2.1 kJ mol−1/RT). The energy barriers of the reverse reactions were taken from the literature. The enthalpy of formation values of the CH3CHBr and CHBr2 radicals and an experimental entropy value at 298 K for the CH3CHBr radical were obtained using a second-law method. The result for the entropy value for the CH3CHBr radical is 305 ± 9 J K−1 mol−1. The results for the enthalpy of formation values at 298 K are (in kJ mol−1): 133.4 ± 3.4 (CH3CHBr) and 199.1 ± 2.7 (CHBr2), and for α-C–H bond dissociation energies of analogous compounds are (in kJ mol−1): 415.0 ± 2.7 (CH3CH2Br) and 412.6 ± 2.7 (CH2Br2), respectively. 相似文献
58.
Interlaboratory comparisons for the analysis of mineral oil in polluted soil using the GC–FID method indicate that extraction
and cleanup conditions have significant effects on the analytical results. In this investigation a ruggedness test was performed
on the extraction and cleanup method for the determination of total petroleum hydrocarbons in soil. A two-level Plackett–Burman
design was utilized to study the effect of 11 different method parameters on the extraction recovery of total petroleum hydrocarbons
(TPH) in soil. Both qualitative and quantitative factors were investigated. The results indicate that total petroleum hydrocarbons
can be relatively reliably monitored through strict implementation of the ISO and CEN draft standards. However, variation
in certain method parameters readily affects the validity of the results. The most critical factors affecting TPH recovery
were the solvent and co-solvent used for extraction, the extraction time, adsorbent and its weight and sample TPH concentration.
Because adaptation of the draft standards especially with respect to these factors easily leads to TPH recoveries higher than
200% or lower than 70%, the validity of the adapted method should always be verified. A proper estimate of the expanded uncertainty
should also be appended to TPH results, because only then can the reliability of the results be guaranteed and further justification
is gained to support the end-use of the data. This also supports the credibility of the analytical services and prevents the
data end-users from drawing misleading conclusions concerning the environmental risks and potential remediation requirements. 相似文献
59.
Jorma K. Merikoski 《Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal》2016,66(3):1027-1038
Consider the n×n matrix with (i, j)’th entry gcd (i, j). Its largest eigenvalue λn and sum of entries sn satisfy λn > sn/n. Because sn cannot be expressed algebraically as a function of n, we underestimate it in several ways. In examples, we compare the bounds so obtained with one another and with a bound from S.Hong, R.Loewy (2004). We also conjecture that λn > 6π?2nlogn for all n. If n is large enough, this follows from F.Balatoni (1969). 相似文献
60.
Viitala T Hautala JT Vuorinen J Wiedmer SK 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2007,23(2):609-618
The adsorption of anionic phospholipids on silica was investigated by the dissipative quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique. Liposomes composed of 1 mM 80:20 mol % of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (POPC)/phosphatidic acid, POPC/phosphatidylglycerol, or POPC/phosphatidylserine in N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-(2-ethanesulfonic acid) buffer at pH 7.4 (with or without 3 mM of CaCl2) were examined. We have previously demonstrated that similar phospholipid coatings can be used in capillary electrochromatography as a stationary phase for the separation of analytes. In this work, we focus on the formation of the coatings and on the type of lipid structure formed on silica. The QCM investigation comprised qualitative results based on changes in frequency and resistance, and quantitative modeling of the obtained results. The latter was performed using the dissipative QCM, which measures the quartz crystal impedance, combined with equivalent circuit analysis. A previously developed coating and cleaning procedure for phospholipid-coated fused silica capillaries was adopted in this study, and the same silica-coated crystal was used throughout the QCM study. We will demonstrate in this work that the type of lipid structure formed on silica, that is, a rather rigid supported lipid bilayer or a viscoelastic supported vesicle layer (SVL), is highly dependent on the lipid and solvent composition. We also show for the first time that the modeling of the dissipative QCM data can be used to extract a more quantitative picture of an adsorbed SVL, because, so far, published studies have merely used the QCM data in a qualitative sense. 相似文献