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51.
The kinetics of C6H5 reactions with n‐CnH2n+2 (n = 3, 4, 6, 8) have been studied by the pulsed laser photolysis/mass spectrometric method using C6H5COCH3 as the phenyl precursor at temperatures between 494 and 1051 K. The rate constants were determined by kinetic modeling of the absolute yields of C6H6 at each temperature. Another major product C6H5CH3 formed by the recombination of C6H5 and CH3 could also be quantitatively modeled using the known rate constant for the reaction. A weighted least‐squares analysis of the four sets of data gave k (C3H8) = (1.96 ± 0.15) × 1011 exp[?(1938 ± 56)/T], and k (n‐C4H10) = (2.65 ± 0.23) × 1011 exp[?(1950 ± 55)/T] k (n‐C6H14) = (4.56 ± 0.21) × 1011 exp[?(1735 ± 55)/T], and k (n?C8H18) = (4.31 ± 0.39) × 1011 exp[?(1415 ± 65)T] cm3 mol?1 s?1 for the temperature range studied. For the butane and hexane reactions, we have also applied the CRDS technique to extend our temperature range down to 297 K; the results obtained by the decay of C6H5 with CRDS agree fully with those determined by absolute product yield measurements with PLP/MS. Weighted least‐squares analyses of these two sets of data gave rise to k (n?C4H10) = (2.70 ± 0.15) × 1011 exp[?(1880 ± 127)/T] and k (n?C6H14) = (4.81 ± 0.30) × 1011 exp[?(1780 ± 133)/T] cm3 mol?1 s?1 for the temperature range 297‐‐1046 K. From the absolute rate constants for the two larger molecular reactions (C6H5 + n‐C6H14 and n‐C8H18), we derived the rate constant for H‐abstraction from a secondary C? H bond, ks?CH = (4.19 ± 0.24) × 1010 exp[?(1770 ± 48)/T] cm3 mol?1 s?1. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 36: 49–56, 2004 相似文献
52.
Jong Uhn Kim 《Journal of Differential Equations》2004,201(2):201-233
In this paper we study an initial-boundary-value problem for a hyperbolic integro-differential equation with random memory and a random noise. We establish the existence, uniqueness and exponential stability of solutions. Our method consists of finite-dimensional approximation and energy estimates. 相似文献
53.
G. De Marzi H.J. TrodahlJ. Bok A. CantareroF. Sapiña 《Solid State Communications》2003,127(4):259-264
We report on the first Raman data of Cu substituted La1−ySryMn1−xCuxO3 (0≤x≤0.10 and 0.17≤y≤0.3, accordingly in order to have the same Mn4+/[Mn4++Mn3+] ratio), collected in the frequency range 100-900 cm−1 and at room temperature, with parallel (ei∥es) and crossed (ei⊥es) polarizations of the incident (ei) and scattered (es) light. Spectra were fitted with a Drude-Lorentz model, and peaks at 190-220 and 430 cm−1, together with two broad structures centered at near 500 and 670 cm−1, have been found. We also have observed that the A1g mode is substantially shifted with increasing Cu substitution. The A1g phonon shift is a linear function of the tolerance factor t and the rhombohedral angle αr, thus following the structural changes of the MnO6 octahedra in the system. 相似文献
54.
55.
Finite element analysis of fluid flow with moving free surface has been performed in 2‐D and 3‐D. The new VOF‐based numerical algorithm that has been proposed by the present authors (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids, submitted) was applied to several 2‐D and 3‐D free surface flow problems. The proposed free surface tracking scheme is based on two numerical tools; the orientation vector to represent the free surface orientation in each cell and the baby‐cell to determine the fluid volume flux at each cell boundary. The proposed numerical algorithm has been applied to 2‐D and 3‐D cavity filling and sloshing problems in order to demonstrate the versatility and effectiveness of the scheme. The proposed numerical algorithm resolved successfully the free surfaces interacting with each other. The simulated results demonstrated applicability of the proposed numerical algorithm to the practical problems of large free surface motion. It has been also demonstrated that the proposed free surface tracking scheme can be easily implemented in any irregular non‐uniform grid systems and can be extended to 3‐D free surface flow problems without additional efforts. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
56.
A Kind of direct methods is presented for the solution of optimal control problems with state constraints.These methods are sequential quadratic programming methods.At every iteration a quadratic programming which is obtained by quadratic approximation to Lagrangian function and Linear approximations to constraints is solved to get a search direction for a merit function.The merit function is formulated by augmenting the Lagrangian funetion with a penalty term.A line search is carried out along the search direction to determine a step length such that the merit function is decreased.The methods presented in this paper include continuous sequential quadratic programming methods and discreate sequential quadrade programming methods. 相似文献
57.
S. Park 《Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications》1997,95(2):409-417
From a general minimax inequality or an abstract lopsided saddle-point theorem, we deduce general Karamardian-type equilibrium theorems and generalized complementarity theorems. Our new results extend a number of well-known earlier works of many authors. 相似文献
58.
59.
Conducting drop tests to investigate impact behavior and identify failure mechanisms of small-size electronic products is
generally expensive and time-consuming. Nevertheless, strict drop/impact performance criteria for hand-held electronic products
such as cellular phones play a decisive role in the design because they must withstand unexpected shocks. The design of product
durability on impact has heavily relied on the designer's intuition and experience. In this study, a reliable drop/impact
simulation for a cellular phone is carried out using the explicit code LS-DYNA. Subsequently globallocal experimental verification
is accomplished by means of high-speed photography and impact response measurement. Using this methodology, we predict potential
damage locations in a cellular phone and compare them with real statistical data. It is envisaged that development of a reliable
methodology of drop/impact simulation will provide us with a powerful and efficient vehicle for improvement of the design
quality and reduction of the product development cycle. 相似文献
60.
S. Park 《Acta Mathematica Hungarica》1998,81(1-2):155-161
A closed multimap T : X ? X having the KKM property has a fixed point whenever X is a compact convex set satisfying a certain topological condition. Our new result properly generalizes a known one due to W. K. Kim [4]. 相似文献