Recent advances in molecular imprinting technology: current status, challenges and highlighted applications

Molecular imprinting technology (MIT) concerns formation of selective sites in a polymer matrix with the memory of a template. Recently, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have aroused extensive attention and been widely applied in many fields, such as solid-phase extraction, chemical sensors and artificial antibodies owing to their desired selectivity, physical robustness, thermal stability, as well as low cost and easy preparation. With the rapid development of MIT as a research hotspot, it faces a number of challenges, involving biological macromolecule imprinting, heterogeneous binding sites, template leakage, incompatibility with aqueous media, low binding capacity and slow mass transfer, which restricts its applications in various aspects. This critical review briefly reviews the current status of MIT, particular emphasis on significant progresses of novel imprinting methods, some challenges and effective strategies for MIT, and highlighted applications of MIPs. Finally, some significant attempts in further developing MIT are also proposed (236 references).     

QuEChERS净化技术结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法筛查食用贝类中的3种原多甲藻酸贝类毒素

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UHPLC-MS/MS)技术,建立了贻贝、牡蛎、蚌类、扇贝等食用贝类及其制品中3种天然形式的原多甲藻酸(azaspiracid-1, azaspiracid-2, azaspiracid-3)贝类毒素的检测方法。样品采用乙腈-水(85:15, v/v)混合液均质提取,应用QuEChERS技术净化,以0.2 μm微孔滤膜过滤,在乙腈-水(含5 mmol/L醋酸铵和0.1%甲酸)体系下进行梯度洗脱,并在ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C₁₈柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm)上实现3种贝类毒素的基线分离。该方法采用多反应监测(MRM)模式扫描,采用标准曲线外标法定量。3种原多甲藻酸在1~100 μg/kg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)均大于0.995; 3种贝类毒素的定量限(S/N=10)均为1.0 μg/kg;在10、20和50 μg/kg 3个加标水平的添加回收率在71%~108%之间,日内和日间测定的相对标准偏差≤10%(n=6)。应用该方法对国内外多个地区的贝类产品进行了筛查测定,发现部分样品的测定结果为阳性。该方法灵敏度高,重复性好,操作简便、快捷,适用于食用贝类及其制品中3种原多甲藻酸贝类毒素的分析测定。     

氧杂环丁烷系列含能粘合剂的合成研究进展

新型含能粘合剂的出现进一步提高了固体推进剂的能量和性能。其中,在3-位取代含能基团实现氧杂环丁烷的含能化并以此类单体合成的含能粘合剂,由于其具有相对分子量和官能度可控性好、多分散性和玻璃化转变温度低而受到重视,引起广泛关注。     

固相萃取-毛细管液相色谱测定食品和水样中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂残留

采用乙腈提取、固相萃取（SPE）富集浓缩技术结合自行研制开发的毛细管液相色谱（CLC）仪,同时分离测定了食品和水样中1种有机磷和3种氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂残留。对影响SPE效率和CLC分离检测的各类因素进行了优化,包括固相萃取柱种类、样品pH、洗脱剂种类和体积、上样速率、盐效应、上样体积、检测波长、流动相种类和比例等。结果表明,4种杀虫剂在6 min内达到完全分离,检出限为0.35~1.20 μg/kg,定量限为1.17~4.00 μg/kg。使用该SPE-CLC法对西红柿、黄瓜、苹果样品和自来水、湖水水样进行加标回收测定,得到食品中加标回收率为72.41%~107.15%,相对标准偏差≤8.12%;水样中加标回收率为71.45%~109.25%,相对标准偏差≤9.28%。该法能够满足农药多残留分析要求。     

A new family of conjugate gradient methods

In this paper we develop a new class of conjugate gradient methods for unconstrained optimization problems. A new nonmonotone line search technique is proposed to guarantee the global convergence of these conjugate gradient methods under some mild conditions. In particular, Polak–Ribiére–Polyak and Liu–Storey conjugate gradient methods are special cases of the new class of conjugate gradient methods. By estimating the local Lipschitz constant of the derivative of objective functions, we can find an adequate step size and substantially decrease the function evaluations at each iteration. Numerical results show that these new conjugate gradient methods are effective in minimizing large-scale non-convex non-quadratic functions.     

Nonlinear stabilizing control for a class of underactuated mechanical systems with multi degree of freedoms

Nonlinear Dynamics - This paper investigates the generation of some novel bursting patterns in active control oscillator with multiple time delays. We present the bursting patterns, including...     

The Synthesis of L-aminosugar and the studies of L-pyranoses on the ring III of pyranmycins

The synthesis of a novel class of aminoglycoside, pyranmycin, and a convenient method for the preparation of 6-amino-L-idopyranosides were reported. One of the members in the reported pyranmycin families, TC010, has prominent activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus megaterium. We also discovered that the (4)C(1) chair conformation on ring III of pyranmycin is essential for the antibacterial activity. [reaction: see text]     

252Cf冷裂变瞬发γ射线

用四参量关联实验技术研究了²⁵²Cf冷裂变瞬发γ射线发射性质. 孪生屏栅电离室收集极和栅极信号分别用于确定碎片的动能和发射角. 圆柱形电离室轴线上的NaI(T1)晶体用于符合记录裂变瞬发γ射线.结果表明,不仅冷裂变瞬发γ射线角分布系数约为正常二分裂变值的两倍,而且冷裂变轻碎片发射的γ射线数目几乎是重碎片发射数目的三倍.对后一实验事实目前尚未有满意的理论解释.     

Application of glycodiversification: expedient synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of a library of kanamycin B analogues

[reaction: see text] The expedient synthesis of a library of kanamycin B analogues is reported. The revealed SAR will guide future designs in developing kanamycin-type aminoglycoside antibiotics against drug-resistant bacteria.