Study of Cl−(H2O)n (n = 1–4) using basin‐hopping method coupled with density functional theory

Cl^?(H₂O)_n (n = 1–4) clusters were investigated using a basin‐hopping (BH) algorithm coupled with density functional theory (DFT). Structures, energetics, thermodynamics, vertical detachment energies, and vibrational frequencies were obtained from high‐level ab initio calculations. Through comparisons with previous theoretical and experimental data, it was demonstrated that the combination of the BH method and DFT could accurately predict the global and local minima of Cl^?(H₂O)_n (n = 1–4). Additionally, to optimize larger Cl^?(H₂O)_n (n > 4) clusters, several popular density functionals as well as DF‐LMP2 (Schütz et al., J. Chem. Phys. 2004, 121, 737) (second‐order Møller‐Plesset perturbation theory using local and density fitting approximations) were tested with appropriate basis sets through comparisons with MP2 optimized results. DF‐LMP2 will be used in future studies because its overall performance in describing the relative binding energies and the geometrical parameters of Cl^?(H₂O)_n (n = 1–4) was outstanding in this study. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Broadband spin‐controlled focusing via logarithmic‐spiral nanoslits of varying width

This work presents analytical, numerical and experimental demonstrations of light diffracted through a logarithmic spiral (LS) nanoslit, which forms a type of switchable and focus‐tunable structure. Owing to a strong dependence on the incident photon spin, the proposed LS‐nanoslit converges incoming light of opposite handedness (to that of the LS‐nanoslit) into a confined subwavelength spot, while it shapes light with similar chirality into a donut‐like intensity profile. Benefitting from the varying width of the LS‐nanoslit, different incident wavelengths interfere constructively at different positions, i.e., the focal length shifts from 7.5 μm (at λ = 632.8 nm) to 10 μm (at λ = 488 nm), which opens up new opportunities for tuning and spatially separating broadband light at the micrometer scale.

     

CoMn@NC催化5-羟甲基糠醛常压氧化为2, 5-呋喃二甲酸二甲酯

2, 5-呋喃二甲酸二甲酯(DMFDCA)这一生物质衍生的增值化学品是石油基聚合物单体对苯二甲酸(TPA)的理想替代品。本研究采用一步共热解法合成了两种廉价金属修饰的氮掺杂多孔碳催化剂CoMn@NC,并将其用于5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)在温和条件下的需氧氧化。由Co₃Mn₂@NC-800催化HMF在50 ℃和常压氧气的条件下反应12 h后,得到产率为85%的DMFDCA。多孔催化剂的高比表面积提高了传质效率。Co纳米粒子(NPs)和呈原子级分散的Mn与掺杂在碳中的氮配位形成M―N_x。富含吡啶氮的碳基体中的缺电子金属位点有利于HMF和氧的活化。氧形成的超氧自由基阴离子的存在确保了半缩醛中间体和5-(羟基甲基)-2-糠酸甲酯(HMMF)的羟甲基的脱氢氧化,从而高选择性得到DMFDCA。该催化剂性能稳定,可适用于各种取代芳醇。该催化体系具有用于生产聚合物单体羧基酯的应用潜力。     

可待因及福尔可定的密度泛函理论计算模拟和表面增强拉曼光谱测定北大核心CSCD

运用密度泛函理论(DFT)对可待因及福尔可定进行几何构型优化,从而对标准品粉末的拉曼光谱的振动模式进行指认和归属,并与低浓度水平标准溶液的表面增强拉曼谱图进行比较。进一步优化了表面增强拉曼光谱检测条件,并摸索可待因及福尔可定的测定下限及定量分析的可行性。结果表明,可待因及福尔可定大部分特征峰拉曼位移的理论计算值、拉曼光谱测定值、表面增强拉曼光谱测定值是一致的,但会有一定程度的蓝移和红移;可待因、福尔可定的测定下限均为10 mg·L^(-1)。可待因在631.29 cm^(-1)和1 595.26 cm^(-1)处、福尔可定在628.58 cm^(-1)和1 251.41 cm^(-1)处的特征峰强度比值,与其对应的质量浓度(40~100 mg·L^(-1))呈线性关系。对空白基质进行加标回收试验,可待因和福尔可定的回收率分别为99.0%~105%和102%~104%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)分别为5.3%,5.9%。上述方法可为这两种管制药品提供拉曼光谱检测的理论依据和快检支持。     

Enhanced photovoltaic properties of polymer-fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells by thermal annealing

The effect of a thermal annealing treatment on the performance of bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells based on poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-p-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) and fullerene (C₆₀) composites is investigated. Upon thermal annealing at 120 ^°C, short-circuit current and power conversion efficiency (η) are more than tripled, while a sharp rise by eight times in and η is found for the device annealed at 200 ^°C. It is concluded that the improved phase separation between MEH-PPV and C₆₀ leads to the enhancement of and η at 120 ^°C, while thermodynamic molecule arrangement at the higher temperature of ∼200 ^°C induces a significant increase in all photovoltaic parameters of composite devices except the open-circuit voltage .     

Design,syntheses and antitumor activities evaluation of 1,5-diaryl substituted pyrazole secnidazole ester derivatives

According to the drug hybridization principle, a series of novel 1,5-diaryl substituted pyrazole secnidazole ester derivatives ( 6aa – 6gc ) have been synthesized by the combinations of various 1,5-diarylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acids with secnidazole. The in vitro antitumor/cytotoxicities activities against tumor and normal cell lines, including NCI-H460 (lung tumor cell), MCG-803 (gastric tumor cell), Skov-3 (ovarian tumor cell), BEL-7404 (liver tumor cell) and HL-7702 (normal liver cell), have been evaluated using MTT assay. All compounds showed promising inhibitory activities against four tumor cell lines. The IC₅₀ of 6bc against the BEL-7404 cell was 2.03 μM, and those of 6fc against the NCI-H460, MCG-803 and Skov-3 were 1.34, 0.14, and 0.87 μM, respectively. All these values were much lower than those of the cisplatin. Furthermore, 6fc and 6bc were also verified to be considerably safe for normal human liver cell, since the lower IC₅₀ values than cisplatin. Based on these results, the cell cycle analysis, apoptosis ratio detection and mitochondrial membrane potential assay of 6fc and 6bc were further performed aiming to investigate their inhibition mechanism of BEL-7404 cells. It is revealed that they have effectively inhibited the cell growth by arresting the BEL-7404 cells at S phase and induced apoptosis through the mitochondria-mediated pathway.     

理论研究晶体场效应和电荷转移效应对Co2+的2p电子X射线L2,3吸收边光谱的影响

运用多重态计算方法研究了在正八面体对称性的晶体场中Co²⁺离子的2p电子X射线L_2,3吸收边光谱, 研究了Co²⁺离子和周围的配位离子之间的正八面体(O_h)晶体场效应和相应的电荷转移效应对于吸收光谱的影响. 系统讨论了在多重态计算中起作用的所有物理参数对CoO和CoCl₂的X射线吸收光谱特性的特定影响及其物理机制. 将计算得出的光谱数据和同样具有O_h对称性结构Co²⁺离子的CoO和CoCl₂实验光谱数据进行了对比, 在实验光谱数据中发现的特征被确定为来自不同自旋态, 并且光谱强度的变化与晶体场的强度相关, 揭示了其中包含的电荷转移效应. 本文为低对称性复杂系统的多重态计算提供了一个基础的参考标准, 可以适用于含有钴元素或其它过渡金属的复杂体系的X射线吸收光谱的理论计算.     

Effect of dopant structure on refractive index and glass transition temperature of polymeric fiber‐optic materials

Graded‐index plastic optical fibers, composed of doped polymers, have advantages over conventional glass optical fibers, but need to be developed further for practical application. Here, a variety of aromatic sulfide dopants were synthesized, and their effects on the refractive indexes and glass transition temperatures (T_g) of poly(methyl methacrylate) and methyl 2‐chloroacrylate/2,2,2‐trichloroethyl methacrylate copolymers were studied. While polymers containing large dopants exhibited relatively high refractive indices, their T_g values were low, making these materials unsuitable for graded‐index plastic optical fiber applications. Six dopants yielded polymers that exhibited higher T_g values than the conventionally used (diphenyl sulfide)‐doped polymer. The dopant dibenzothiophene, in particular, yielded polymers with the highest refractive indexes and T_g values, and polymers containing (phenylthio)benzene dopants also performed well. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Molecular Rotors in Porous Organic Frameworks

Porous organic frameworks perform a variety of functions, owing to their extremely large surface areas, but the dynamics of the structural elements have never been explored. Our discovery of ultra‐fast molecular rotors (10⁶ Hz at 225 K) in their architectures allows us to look at them from a new perspective. The constructive elements are robust struts and rapid rotors, resulting in a dynamic material whose motion can be frozen or released at will. The rotational motion can be actively regulated in response to guests. As the temperature is increased, the rotors spin ever faster, approaching free‐rotational diffusion at 550 K. The unusual combination of remarkable nanoporosity with fast dynamics is intriguing for engineering oscillating dipoles and producing responsive materials with switchable ferroelectricity, and for applications spanning from sensors to actuators, which capture and release chemicals on command.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定果蔬中异菌脲残留量

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定果蔬中异菌脲残留量的方法。样品用乙腈提取,C18固相萃取柱净化,甲醇-水(70:30,V/V)为流动相,经C18液相色谱柱分离,DAD紫外检测器(218 nm)检测。结果表明:异菌脲在0.1~2.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(R2=0.9998),方法定量限(以S/N=10计)为0.05 mg/kg,在0.05,0.1,0.5 mg/kg添加水平下的加标回收率范围为81.3%~98.3%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为3.9%~8.9%。方法适用于大多数水果、蔬菜中异菌脲残留量的测定。