In vitro and in vivo comparative study of the phototherapy anticancer activity of hyaluronic acid-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes,graphene oxide,and fullerene

In this work, carbon nanomaterials, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT), graphene oxide (GO), and fullerene (C60) were modified by hyaluronic acid (HA) to obtain water-soluble and biocompatible nanomaterials with high tumor-targeting capacity and then the comparative study of these hyaluronic acid-modified carbon nanomaterials was made in vitro and in vivo. The conjugates of hyaluronic acid and carbon nanomaterials, namely, HA-SWNT, HA-GO, HA-C60, were confirmed by UV/Vis spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). After HA modification, the sizes of HA-SWNT, HA-GO, and HA-C60 were in a range of 70 to 300 nm, and all the three HA-modified materials were at negative potential, demonstrating that HA modification was in favor of extravasation of carbon materials into a tumor site due to enhanced permeability and retention effect of tumor. Photothermal conversion in vitro test demonstrated excellent photothermal sensitivity of HA-SWNT and HA-GO. But the reactive oxygen yield of HA-C60 was the highest compared with the others under visible light irradiation, which proved the good photodynamic therapy effect of HA-C60. In addition, cytotoxicity experiments exhibited that the inhibitory efficacy of HA-SWNT was the lowest, the second was HA-C60, and the highest was HA-GO, which was consistent with the uptake degree of them. While under the laser irradiation, the cell inhibition of the HA-SWNT was the highest, the second was HA-GO, and the last was HA-C60. In vivo evaluation of the three targeting carbon nanomaterials was consistent with the cytotoxicity assay results. Taken together, the results demonstrated that HA-SWNT and HA-GO were suited for photothermal therapy (PTT) agents for their good photothermal property, while HA-C60 was used as a kind of photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent for its photodynamic effect.     

High-power 880-nm diode-directly-pumped passively mode-locked Nd:YVO₄ laser at 1342 nm with a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror

A high-power 880-nm diode-directly-pumped passively mode-locked 1342 nm Nd:YVO? laser was demonstrated with a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM). The laser mode radii in the laser crystal and on the SESAM were optimized carefully using the ABCD matrix formalism. An average output power of 2.3 W was obtained with a repetition rate of 76 MHz and a pulse width of 29.2 ps under an absorbed pump power of 12.1 W, corresponding to an optical-optical efficiency of 19.0% and a slope efficiency of 23.9%, respectively.     

LD side-pumped 41 W high beam quality acousto-optical Q-switched single-rod Nd:YAG laser

We report a LD side-pumped high beam quality (M _x ² = 1.20 and M _y ² = 1.19) acousto-optic (AO) Q-switched single-rod Nd:YAG laser with a TEM₀₀-mode dynamic stable cavity. At the pump power of 600 W, 41 W TEM₀₀-mode 1064 nm laser was achieved with electro-optical conversion efficiency of 7%. The repetition rate and pulse width were 30 kHz and 102 ns, respectively with pulse energy of 1.4 mJ and peak power of 13 kW. Up to 24 W of 532 nm green laser was generated by external frequency doubling, corresponding to 59% optical conversion efficiency.     

Chaotic oscillations associated with the breakup of polarization entangled coherent states in a microchip solid-state laser

We demonstrate the breakup of spatial-polarization entangled lasing patterns, which possess vector phase singularities, and the resultant dynamic instabilities featuring chaotic oscillations. The frequency splitting between a pair of Ince-Gauss (IG) lasing modes, originally forming a coherent entanglement state, and a self-excited additional nonorthogonal IG mode through a new class of transverse effect of self-injection pattern seeding, is shown to result in modal-interference-induced modulation at the beat frequency, leading to chaotic oscillations.     

The effective charge effect in partially stripped ion-helium collisions

The double and single ionization cross section ratios of helium by partially stripped carbon, oxygen and fluorine ions are measured for projectile charge states ranging from +1 to +4 and impact energies from 1.5 MeV to 7.5 MeV. The effective charge effect in partially stripped ion-helium collisions is studied. It is found that the effective charge q_eff increases as the impinging energy increases and q _eff shows a modest dependence upon the projectile charge state in the present energy range. The projectile charge state, projectile energy, projectile and target electronic state dependences of the effective charge effect may be explained using orbital interpenetrating.     

Zn Belavin模型反射方程的多参数解

利用A_(n－1)⁽¹⁾面模型反射方程的对角解,得到了ZnBelavin模型反射方程的含有n+1个参数的解.当n=2时,其结果与侯伯宇等人给出的8项角反射方程的解是一致的.     

用缩醛树脂制作光学抛光片

本文讨论了缩醛树脂一般性质和特性，及其在制作光学抛光片中的应用。     

衰减相移掩模及其编码制作方法研究

在霍普金斯理论的基础上,对方孔的传统掩模、衰减相移以及加入光学邻近效应校正的衰减相移掩模在硅片表面光强分布的计算表明,衰减相掩模有提高光刻分辨率的显著功能,提出一种制作衰减相移掩模的编码方法。理论计算表明,该编码方法能够达到预定的衰减参数。     

一种新型的两态叠加多模Schrdinger猫态光场的等阶N次方Y压缩

本文根据量子力学的线性叠加原理,构造了由多模（即q模时目平态的相反态|｛｛－Zj｝〉q及多模虚相干态|｛｛－Zj｝〉q这两者的线性叠加所组成的一种新型的多模Schrodinger猫态光场利用新近建立的多模压缩态理论,研究了态的N次方Y压缩效应,结果发现：①当压缩阶数N＝Zp且p＝2m（m＝1,2,3,…,…）时,态。总是恒处于N－Y最小测不准态;②当压缩阶数N＝2p且p＝2m＋1（m＝0,1,2,3,…,…）时,如果各模的初始相位,态间的初始相位差以及各单模相干态光场的平均光子数之总和等满足一定的量子化条件,则态可呈现出周期性变化的、任意阶的N次方Y压缩效应;③当压缩阶数N＝2P＇＋1时,无论p＇＝2m（m＝0,1,2,…,…）还是p＇＝2m＋1（m＝0,1,2,3,…,……）,只要各模的初始相位满足一定的量子条件,则当两态叠加几率幅满足时,态就恒处于N－Y测不准态,始终不呈现N－Y最小测不准态和N次方Y压缩;而当时,态始终不呈现N－Y测不准态、N－Y最小测不准态和N次方Y压缩效应．     

一种高透过率光纤探针的制作

本文介绍了一种用于近场扫描光学显微镜(NSOM)中的高透过率光纤探针的制作方法。采用缓冲氢氟酸腐蚀低掺杂的普通单模石英光纤,选取适当比例的腐蚀液,可以得到直径、圆锥角均十分理想的针尖。这种方法不需要高掺杂的特殊光纤或是采用先熔拉后腐蚀的复合工艺。针尖经过镀膜后经测量为针尖直径100nm、透过率5.5×10^-4.