Comparison of Anion-Exchange and Hydrophobic Interactions between Two New Silica-Based Long-Chain Alkylimidazolium Stationary Phases for LC

Two new silica-based long-chain alkylimidazolium stationary phases were prepared and characterized for their use in high-performance liquid chromatography. The stationary phases were both prepared by the reaction of chloropropyl silica with long-chain alkylimidazoles and were used to separate common inorganic anions. Hydrophobic interactions were also studied by the comparison of differential retention of various organic compounds. The alkyl chain length did not show an impact on the anion-exchange process but affected the hydrophobic interaction of the stationary phases.     

Two New Spirostanol Saponins from Reineckia carnea

Two new spirostanol saponins, (1β,3β,5β,25S)‐spirostan‐1,3‐diol 1‐(β‐D ‐xylopyranoside) ( 1 ) and (1β,3β,5β,25S)‐spirostan‐1,3‐diol 1‐[α‐L ‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D ‐fucopyranoside] ( 2 ), along with two known compounds, (1β,3β,5β,25S)‐spirostan‐1,3‐diol 1‐[α‐L ‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D ‐xylopyranoside] ( 3 ) and (1β,3β,4β,5β,25S)‐spirostan‐1,3,4,5‐tetrol 5‐(β‐D ‐glucopyranoside) ( 4 ) were isolated from the whole plant of Reineckia carnea. The structures of the new steroids were determined by detailed analysis of their 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectra and chemical methods, and by comparison with spectral data of known compounds. Compounds 3 and 4 were isolated from the genus Reineckia for the first time.     

Nature of catalytic activities of CoO nanocrystals in thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

This work addresses the chemical nature of the catalytic activity of X-ray "pure" CoO nanocrystals. All samples were prepared by a solvothermal reaction route. X-ray diffraction indicates the formation of CoO in a cubic rock-salt structure, while infrared spectra and magnetic measurements demonstrate the coexistence of CoO and Co 3O 4. Therefore, X-ray "pure" CoO nanocrystals are a unique composite structure with a CoO core surrounded by an extremely thin Co 3O 4 surface layer, which is likely a consequence of the surface passivation of CoO nanocrystals from the air oxidation at room temperature. The CoO core shows a particle size of 22 or 280 nm, depending on the types of the precursors used. This composite nanostructure was initiated as a catalytic additive to promote the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). Our preliminary investigations indicate that the maximum decomposition temperature of AP is significantly reduced in the presence of CoO/Co 3O 4 composite nanocrystals and that the maximum decomposition peak shifts toward lower temperatures as the loading amount of the composite nanocrystals increases. These findings are different from the literature reports when using many nanoscale oxide additives. Finally, the decomposition heat for the low-temperature decomposition stages of AP was calculated and correlated to the chemical nature of the CoO/Co 3O 4 composite nanostructures.     

闽西晚中生代基性脉岩稀土元素地球化学特征

利用稀土元素特征对闽西基性脉岩的成岩方式和岩浆演化机制进行探讨. 闽西基性岩脉的稀土元素参数与常量元素的协变关系表明岩浆在上升侵入过程中可能没有发生地壳混染作用,在成岩过程中结晶分异作用可能不明显;多种稀土元素协变关系表明闽西基性脉岩的成岩机制可能为上地幔部分熔融作用,基性脉岩的地幔源区可能曾经遭受过俯冲流体交代富集作用,这种交代可能与古太平洋板块俯冲密切相关,软流圈地幔上涌导致地壳拉张作用的发育.     

The effect of MWS polarisation on the morphology and electro-optical behaviour of normal-mode polymer-stabilised cholesteric textures

We investigate the process and the resulting properties of the curing electric-field-induced segregation of reactive monomers (containing polar groups) in a host liquid crystal. The obtained dielectric spectrum of these cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) reveals polarisation at low frequencies. This is a strong indication that charge carriers accumulate at the interface between the sample and the electrodes in these compounds and consistent with Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars (MWS) polarisation. A polymer film forms on the substrate with its thickness determined by the MWS polarisation strength. The SEM images show that the polymer network becomes less dense when MWS polarisation increases. The results are a higher operating voltage and faster response time.     

AO-resistant properties of polyimide fibers containing phosphorous groups in main chains

A series of polyimide fibers containing phosphorus element derived from (3-aminophenyl) methyl phosphine oxide (DAMPO) diamine was exposed to an artificial atomic oxygen environment which simulated the space environment in low earth orbit (LEO). The mass loss, surface morphology, chemical composition, and mechanical properties of the fibers before and after atomic oxygen (AO) exposure were compared in detail with a blank sample. Results showed that the phosphor-containing fibers demonstrated lower mass change and less tensile strength reduction. SEM results showed that the fibers with phosphorous element had relatively dense surface after AO exposure. Meanwhile, XPS results indicated that a passivated phosphate layer, which could protect the following under-layer from attacking by AO, was formed on the surface of the fibers. These results indicated that the incorporation of diamine (DAMPO) into the main chains could protect the fibers for avoiding further erosion from AO exposure. Hence, the phosphor-containing PI fibers exhibits potential application in space fields.     

Reaction kinetics in anionic copolymerization: A revisit on Mayo-Lewis equation

Reactivity ratio is a traditional parameter quantifying the reaction kinetics in copolymerization, which is important for potentially controlling microstructures of polymers and guiding the copolymerization process. Our recent experiments using tube-NMR technique enable us to in situ monitor the concentration profiles of the co-monomers during the anionic copolymerization process. This motivates us to revisit the Mayo-Lewis(ML) equation, which is the basis for derivation of reactivity ratio and has been extensively utilized in addition copolymerization. We found that although an explicit ML expression is desirable for ease of calculation and correlation with experimental data, it fails in our anionic copolymerization experiment as well as some data available in the literature. The origin is ascribed to the validity of the steady state assumption which is essential in the ML equation. This assumption can be released in anionic copolymerization and replaced by the fact that the overall concentration of the living chain ends keeps constant throughout the copolymerization. Alternative numerical method has been utilized to obtain the rate constants and consequently the reactivity ratios. Our work suggests that the ML equation should be applied with caution.     

Research on Optical Transmitter and Receiver Module Used for High-Speed Interconnection between CPU and Memory

With the development of the multicore processor, the bandwidth and capacity of the memory, rather than the memory area, are the key factors in server performance. At present, however, the new architectures, such as fully buffered DIMM (FBDIMM), hybrid memory cube (HMC), and high bandwidth memory (HBM), cannot be commercially applied in the server. Therefore, a new architecture for the server is proposed. CPU and memory are separated onto different boards, and optical interconnection is used for the communication between them. Each optical module corresponds to each dual inline memory module (DIMM) with 64 channels. Compared to the previous technology, not only can the architecture realize high-capacity and wide-bandwidth memory, it also can reduce power consumption and cost, and be compatible with the existing dynamic random access memory (DRAM). In this article, the proposed module with system-in-package (SiP) integration is demonstrated. In the optical module, the silicon photonic chip is included, which is a promising technology to be applied in the next-generation data exchanging centers. And due to the bandwidth–distance performance of the optical interconnection, SerDes chips are introduced to convert the 64-bit data at 800 Mbps from/to 4-channel data at 12.8 Gbps after/before they are transmitted though optical fiber. All the devices are packaged on cheap organic substrates. To ensure the performance of the whole system, several optimization efforts have been performed on the two modules. High-speed interconnection traces have been designed and simulated with electromagnetic simulation software. Steady-state thermal characteristics of the transceiver module have been evaluated by ANSYS APLD based on finite-element methodology (FEM). Heat sinks are placed at the hotspot area to ensure the reliability of all working chips. Finally, this transceiver system based on silicon photonics is measured, and the eye diagrams of data and clock signals are verified.     

Chemical‐Bonding‐Directed Hierarchical Assembly of Nanoribbon‐Shaped Nanocomposites of Gold Nanorods and Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)

Nanoribbon‐shaped nanocomposites composed of conjugated polymer poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanoribbons and plasmonic gold nanorods (AuNRs) were crafted by a co‐assembly of thiol‐terminated P3HT (P3HT‐SH) nanofibers with dodecanethiol‐coated AuNRs (AuNRs‐DDT). First, P3HT‐SH nanofibers were formed due to interchain π–π stacking. Upon the addition of AuNRs‐DDT, P3HT‐SH nanofibers were transformed into nanoribbons decorated with the aligned AuNRs on the surface (i.e., nanoribbon‐like P3HT/AuNRs nanocomposites). Depending on the surface coverage of the P3HT nanoribbons by AuNRs, these hierarchically assembled nanocomposites exhibited broadened and red‐shifted absorption bands of AuNRs in nIR region due to the plasmon coupling of adjacent aligned AuNRs and displayed quenched photoluminescence of P3HT. Such conjugated polymer/plasmonic nanorod nanocomposites may find applications in fields, such as building blocks for complex superstructures, optical biosensors, and optoelectronic devices.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure,and Electrochemical Properties of a Simple Magnesium Electrolyte for Magnesium/Sulfur Batteries

Most simple magnesium salts tend to passivate the Mg metal surface too quickly to function as electrolytes for Mg batteries. In the present work, an electroactive salt [Mg(THF)₆][AlCl₄]₂ was synthesized and structurally characterized. The Mg electrolyte based on this simple mononuclear salt showed a high Mg cycling efficiency, good anodic stability (2.5 V vs. Mg), and high ionic conductivity (8.5 mS cm^?1). Magnesium/sulfur cells employing the as‐prepared electrolyte exhibited good cycling performance over 20 cycles in the range of 0.3–2.6 V, thus indicating an electrochemically reversible conversion of S to MgS without severe passivation of the Mg metal electrode surface.