填埋垃圾渗滤液中水溶性有机物去除规律研究

采集垃圾渗滤液四个不同处理阶段水样,提取制备水溶性有机物(DOM),采用荧光光谱、紫外光谱及红外光谱,研究了不同阶段渗滤液DOM含量与结构特征。结果显示,整个处理过程渗滤液DOM浓度降低了377.6 mg·L-1,总去除率为78.34%,厌氧处理氧化沟和MBR过程分别去除了不同处理阶段出水中的水溶性有机物碳(DOC);厌氧处理增加了渗滤液DOM中不饱和化合物和多糖类物质含量,提高了渗滤液的可生化性;氧化沟处理有效降解了不饱和化合物和糖类。调节池和和厌氧处理过程DOM出现了类蛋白荧光峰和类腐殖质荧光峰,而氧化沟和MBR出水只有类腐殖质荧光峰,类蛋白物质和类富里酸物质主要在厌氧区和氧化沟中去除,而类胡敏酸物质主要在MBR过程中去除。     

巧用Excel处理大学物理实验数据

以霍尔元件测量磁场为例,介绍了用Excel软件对实验数据进行分析处理的一般过程.结果表明利用Excel处理物理实验数据能大大减轻学生繁杂的数据计算及处理步骤,有效避免了手工处理所带来的误差,并且能满足一般的实验作图要求,适宜在大学物理实验数据处理方面推广应用.     

一维新型阶梯函数光子晶体透射特性

研究了阶梯型折射率n22、n11(阶梯分布高度)的大小、对应的分布厚度、不同入射角以及缺陷模对阶梯函数型光子晶体透射特性的影响.由费马原理给出光在函数光子晶体中的运动方程,再由电磁传播理论给出函数光子晶体的传输矩阵,进一步推导出函数光子晶体的透射率以及电场分布的表达式.研究表明,1)随n22,n11大小或者厚度改变,其禁带变宽;2)随光的入射角增加,其禁带变窄;3)当加入缺陷层时,随着缺陷层介质折射率增加,缺陷模强度减小且位置发生红移;4)在函数光子晶体中,缺陷层前电场分布保持不变,而在缺陷层处以及之后的电场强度都明显增强,这不同于常规光子晶体的电场分布仅在缺陷层处局域增强.     

圆形射流湍流场的大涡模拟研究

使用发展的大涡模拟并行程序,数值模拟了圆形射流湍流场,与实验值进行详细比较,对大涡模拟程序进行检验,并分析网格尺度对计算结果的影响。结果表明,大涡模拟计算的平均速度场和雷诺应力场与实验值符合得非常好,验证了该大涡模拟计算程序的可靠性和精确度。同时发现一阶统计矩受网格尺度影响不大,二阶及高阶矩与网格尺度有较大的关系,因此使用大涡模拟方法计算湍流及湍流燃烧问题应对网格依赖性进行必要分析,至少保证二阶统计矩具有较好的精度。     

Dark pulse generation in a dispersion-managed fiber laser

We report an experimental observation of dark pulse generation in a dispersion-managed erbium-doped fiber laser with net anomalous cavity group-velocity dispersion. It is found that apart from the bright soliton pulses, dark pulses with spectral sidebands could be obtained in the laser under appropriate operating conditions. The generation of dark pulses may be attributed to soliton shaping in the cavity.     

Filter-free ultra-wideband doublet pulses generation based on wavelength conversion and fiber dispersion effect

Filter-free ultra-wideband (UWB) doublet pulse generation is experimentally demonstrated in the optical domain based on cross-gain modulation (XGM) in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and UWB-over-fiber technology is implemented by exploiting dispersion-induced pulse broadening effect in single-mode fiber (SMF). In our proposed system, the SOA generates a polarity-inversed Gaussian pulse train with respect to the injected one through the XGM. After a piece of SMF, the bandwidth of polarity-reversed Gaussian pulse broadens due to the induced dispersion. After the combination of the two light waves with a suitable time delay between them, UWB pulse is obtained. The key parameters for UWB pulse, including central frequency, 10 dB bandwidth, as well as fractional bandwidth are experimentally obtained with 8 GHz, 9.9 GHz and 123% respectively. The generated UWB doublet pulse conforms with the UWB definition of Federal Communications Commission (FCC).     

Temperature dependence of the Raman spectra of Bi2Te3 and Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 thermoelectric films

The temperature dependence of the Raman spectra of Bi₂Te₃ and Bi_0.5Sb_1.5Te₃ thermoelectric films was investigated. The temperature coefficients of the E_g(2) peak positions were determined as –0.0137 cm^–1/°C and –0.0156 cm^–1/°C, respectively. The thermal expansion of the crystal caused a linear shift of the Raman peak induced by the temperature change. Based on the linear relation, a reliable and noninvasive micro‐Raman scattering method was shown to measure the thermal conductivity of the thermoelectric films. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Unique geometric and electronic structure of CO adsorbed on Ge(100): A DFT study

CO adsorption on the Ge(100) surface has been investigated using a slab model with density functional theory implemented in SIESTA. CO was found to be exclusively adsorbed on the asymmetric dimer with C attaching on the lower Ge dimer atom. The adsorption process is barrierless. The calculated adsorption energy and vibration frequencies are comparable to previous experimental results. The crystal orbital Hamilton analysis showed that the bonding between Ge and CO is mainly attributable to the Ge 4p_z orbital overlapping with C 2 s, or with CO molecular orbitals 3σ and 4σ. The repulsive energy between adsorbed CO molecules is less than 1 kcal/mol. The diffusion barrier of CO on the Ge(100) surface is about 14 kcal/mol.     

Growth and vibrational properties of MnOx thin films on Rh(111)

The growth, structures, and vibrational properties of ultrathin manganese oxide films on Rh(111) had been investigated using high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), low energy electron diffraction (LEED), low energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEIS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). MnO_x grew in a layer-by-layer fashion on the Rh(111) surface. HREELS phonon features and XPS binding energies showed that an OMnO like tri-layer formed initially. Which was stable on the Rh(111) surface with MnO_x coverage less than one monolayer. At above one monolayer, Mn₃O₄ was preferred as indicated from a four-phonon feature peaked at 13.3, 39, 68 and 83 meV in HREELS. Higher temperature oxidation and annealing were found to improve the long-range order of the MnO_x films.     

A density-functional theory investigation on desorption of O2 on Sn（111） and its comparison with initial oxidation on the X（111） （X=Si,Ge, Sn,Pb） surfaces

<正>The first-principles calculations are performed to investigate the adsorption of O₂ molecules on an Sn（111） 2×2 surface.The chemisorbed adsorption precursor states for O₂ are identified to be along the parallel and vertical channels, and the surface reconstructions of Sn（lll） induced by oxygen adsorption are studied.Based on this,the adsorption behaviours of O₂ on X（111）（X=Si,Ge,Sn,Pb） surfaces are analysed,and the most stable adsorption channels of O₂ on X（111）（X=Si,Ge,Sn,Pb） are identified.The surface reconstructions and electron distributions along the most stable adsorption channels are discussed and compared.The results show that the O₂ adsorption ability declines gradually and the amount of charge transferred decreases with the enhancement of metallicity.