Two universal equations of state for solids satisfying the limiting condition at high pressure

In this paper it is shown that the relationship of bulk modulus with pressure, B=f(P), should be linear both at low and high-pressure limiting conditions. Because most of present equations of state (EOS) for solids cannot satisfy such linear relationship at high pressure, a new function f(P) is proposed to satisfy the linearity. By integrating the bulk modulus, an EOS with three parameters and satisfying the quantum-statistics limitation is derived. It is shown that the EOS can be reduced to two-parameter EOS approximately satisfying the limiting condition. By applying the two EOSs and other three typical EOSs to 50 materials, it is concluded that for materials at low and middle-pressure regimes, the limiting condition does not operate, the Baonza EOS gives the best results, but it cannot provide analytic expression for cohesive energy. The Vinet and our second EOSs are slightly inferior, both EOSs can provide analytic expression for cohesive energy, and for materials at high-pressure regimes our second EOS gives the best results. The Holzapfel and our first EOSs give the worst results, although they strictly satisfy the limiting condition. For practical applications, the limiting condition is not important because it only operates as V→0.     

基于Marangoni界面效应的数控化学抛光去除函数的研究

 利用基于Marangoni界面效应对化学抛光去除函数的理论及实验进行研究,提出采用湿法化学抛光（刻蚀）方法为大口径高精度光学元件的加工提供新的解决途径。介绍了Marangoni界面效应及其验证实验,运用WYKO轮廓仪对熔石英基片局域刻蚀前后的粗糙度进行检测,结果表明,粗糙度基本无变化,刻蚀前后粗糙度分别为0.72 nm和0.71 nm。基于Preston假设, 建立了数控化学抛光理论模型,运用WYKO干涉仪观察实验现象可知,化学抛光刻蚀曲线基本上成平底陡峭的去除函数曲线,小磨头抛光是倒置的仿高斯函数曲线。     

超声雾化进样技术在ICP-AES中的应用研究

研究了超声雾化进样系统在电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)中的应用,考察了测定的影响因素。结果表明,超声雾化进样条件下,影响谱线强度和测量精密度的因素较多。其中影响较大的因素主要有:载气流量、进样速度、进样时间、冲洗条件及溶液的介质条件。载气的最大允许量远小于气动雾化中的常规用量。同时,进样时间对测量精密度的影响较大,而积分时间对测定的影响较小。此外,冲洗条件对记忆时间的影响较大, 辅助冲洗水流的方式有助于减小记忆效应的影响。实验表明:超声雾化进样条件下,As,Pb,Se,Bi,Ge,Mo,Cd,Cu等八种元素的检出限低于气动雾化进样的检出限10～25倍,超声雾化进样技术在ICP-AES中的应用有助于改善ICP-AES测定的灵敏度。     

杀线威在Fe_3O_4/Ag纳米磁粒上的吸附及表面增强拉曼光谱研究

采用共沉淀法合成了Fe_3O_4磁性纳米颗粒,进一步以柠檬酸三钠还原法制备出了具有SERS活性的Fe_3O_4/Ag磁性包覆修饰材料,用紫外可见吸收光谱、能谱及透射电镜对结构与形貌进行表征,发现所制备的Fe_3O_4/Ag纳米材料粒径约为30~60nm,形貌规整接近球形,经测试Fe_3O_4/Ag材料很容易被磁铁收集,能够满足分散萃取再收集的需要。根据密度泛函理论(DFT)对杀线威(Oxamyl)、Oxamyl-Ag和OxamylAg4进行了理论结构优化计算,得到了杀线威的理论拉曼光谱和与Ag表面增强拉曼光谱及其谱峰的归属,结合表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)测定,研究了杀线威在Fe_3O_4/Ag表面的吸附行为和增强效应,测算得到杀线威在Fe_3O_4/Ag表面上的增强因子为2.08×105。研究表明:理论计算的杀线威拉曼光谱与测定的拉曼光谱具有较好的一致性,DFT理论计算中发现研究分子与活性Ag原子作用越多,与实测值常规拉曼NRS越接近;杀线威以双键侧N原子和S原子与Fe_3O_4/Ag表面吸附作用为主;双键侧N优先与Ag吸附成键后,整个分子靠近Ag表面,最终使得双键侧N原子与S原子共同吸附在Ag表面;Fe_3O_4/Ag磁性纳米复合材料具有显著的富集吸附和拉曼增强作用;可利用其作为拉曼基底,以实现SERS光谱法对杀线威农残的快速分析检测。     

Application of 3-D Fluorescence: Characterization of Natural Organic Matter in Natural Water and Water Purification Systems

Natural organic matter (NOM) found in water sources is broadly defined as a mixture of polyfunctional organic molecules, characterized by its complex structure and paramount influence on water quality. Because the inevitable release of pollutants into aquatic environments due to an ineffective control of industrial and agricultural pollution, the evaluation of the interaction of NOM with heavy metals, nanoparticles, organic pollutants and other pollutants in the aquatic environment, has greatly increased. Three-dimensional (3-D) fluorescence has the potential to reveal the interaction mechanisms between NOM and pollutants as well as the source of NOM pollution. In water purification engineering system, the 3-D fluorescence can indicate the variations of NOM composition and gives an effective prediction of water quality as well as the underline water purification mechanisms. Inadequately treated NOM is a cause of precursors of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), posing a potential threat to human health. Effective control and measurement/evaluation of NOM have long been an important factors in the prevention of water pollution. Overall, 3-D fluorescence allows for a rapid identification of organic components thus indicating possible sources of water pollution, mechanisms of pollutant interactions, and possible DBPs formed during conventional treatment of this water. This article reviews the 3-D fluorescence characteristics of NOM in natural water and typical water purification systems. The 3-D fluorescence was effective for indicating the variabilities in NOM composition and chemistry thus providing a better understanding of NOM in natural water system and water engineering system.     

基于宽度可调节的线缺陷平板型光子晶体的空气槽微腔

研究了一种空气槽光子晶体微腔,这种腔是由在平板型光子晶体上引入一条宽度可以调节的线缺陷空气槽形成的.腔模的电场被强烈局限在空气槽中,由于介电常量的不连续性,电场得到很大的提高,同时模体积被大大地降低.数值模拟与分析了微腔的能带结构和场分布,考虑到腔模的谐振频率和对称性,发现一阶偶膜同时具有较高的品质因子和较小的模体积;应用有限时域差分法,得到腔模的品质因子可以高达10⁶,模体积仅为0.02(λ/n)³.计算了一阶偶模谐振波长随空气槽宽度以及空气孔半径的变化,发现随着宽度的增加,波长越来越短.而随着空气孔半径的增加,波长近似线性地减小;当空气孔半径为170 nm时,可以获得最高的腔品质因子.     

Progress of nanoscience in China

Fast evolving nanoseienees and nanotechnology in China has made it one of the front countries of nanotechnology development. Ill this review, we summarize some most recent progresses in nanoseienee research and nanotechnology development in China. The topics we selected in this article include llano-fabrication, nanocatalysis, bioinspired nanoteehnology, green printing nanotechnology, nanoplasmonics, nanomedicine, nanomaterials and their applications, energy and environmental nanoteehnology, nano EHS （nanosafety）, etc. Most of them have great potentials in applications or application-related key issues in future.