全文获取类型
收费全文 | 87027篇 |
免费 | 15073篇 |
国内免费 | 9989篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 61744篇 |
晶体学 | 916篇 |
力学 | 5329篇 |
综合类 | 507篇 |
数学 | 9633篇 |
物理学 | 33960篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 314篇 |
2023年 | 1826篇 |
2022年 | 3224篇 |
2021年 | 3125篇 |
2020年 | 3638篇 |
2019年 | 3462篇 |
2018年 | 3057篇 |
2017年 | 2909篇 |
2016年 | 4286篇 |
2015年 | 4249篇 |
2014年 | 5060篇 |
2013年 | 6509篇 |
2012年 | 8148篇 |
2011年 | 8187篇 |
2010年 | 5559篇 |
2009年 | 5244篇 |
2008年 | 5671篇 |
2007年 | 5103篇 |
2006年 | 4680篇 |
2005年 | 3803篇 |
2004年 | 2912篇 |
2003年 | 2306篇 |
2002年 | 2190篇 |
2001年 | 1867篇 |
2000年 | 1625篇 |
1999年 | 1788篇 |
1998年 | 1443篇 |
1997年 | 1408篇 |
1996年 | 1375篇 |
1995年 | 1135篇 |
1994年 | 988篇 |
1993年 | 838篇 |
1992年 | 724篇 |
1991年 | 618篇 |
1990年 | 524篇 |
1989年 | 419篇 |
1988年 | 353篇 |
1987年 | 293篇 |
1986年 | 267篇 |
1985年 | 216篇 |
1984年 | 148篇 |
1983年 | 106篇 |
1982年 | 83篇 |
1981年 | 70篇 |
1980年 | 67篇 |
1979年 | 32篇 |
1978年 | 30篇 |
1977年 | 40篇 |
1976年 | 31篇 |
1973年 | 28篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
91.
Kai He Tsegaye TadesseTsega Xi Liu Jiantao Zai Xin‐Hao Li Xuejiao Liu Wenhao Li Nazakat Ali Xuefeng Qian 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(34):12029-12035
The modulation of electron density is an effective option for efficient alternative electrocatalysts. Here, p‐n junctions are constructed in 3D free‐standing FeNi‐LDH/CoP/carbon cloth (CC) electrode (LDH=layered double hydroxide). The positively charged FeNi‐LDH in the space‐charge region can significantly boost oxygen evolution reaction. Therefore, the j at 1.485 V (vs. RHE) of FeNi‐LDH/CoP/CC achieves ca. 10‐fold and ca. 100‐fold increases compared to those of FeNi‐LDH/CC and CoP/CC, respectively. Density functional theory calculation reveals OH? has a stronger trend to adsorb on the surface of FeNi‐LDH side in the p‐n junction compared to individual FeNi‐LDH further verifying the synergistic effect in the p‐n junction. Additionally, it represents excellent activity toward water splitting. The utilization of heterojunctions would open up an entirely new possibility to purposefully regulate the electronic structure of active sites and promote their catalytic activities. 相似文献
92.
Facile fabrication of fast recyclable and multiple self‐healing epoxy materials through diels‐alder adduct cross‐linker
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Xiao Kuang Guoming Liu Xia Dong Xianggui Liu Jianjun Xu Dujin Wang 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2015,53(18):2094-2103
A reversibly cross‐linked epoxy resin with efficient reprocessing and intrinsic self‐healing was prepared from a diamine Diels‐Alder (DA) adduct cross‐linker and a commercial epoxy oligomer. The newly synthesized diamine cross‐linker, comprising a DA adduct of furan and maleimide moieties, can cure epoxy monomer/oligomer with thermal reversibility. The reversible transition between cross‐linked state and linear architecture endows the cured epoxy with rapid recyclability and repeated healability. The reversibly cross‐linked epoxy fundamentally behaves as typical thermosets at ambient conditions yet can be fast reprocessed at elevated temperature like thermoplastics. As a potential reversible adhesive, the epoxy polymer with adhesive strength values about 3 MPa showed full recovery after repeated fracture‐thermal healing processes. The methodology explored in this contribution provides new insights in modification of conventional engineering plastics as functional materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53, 2094–2103 相似文献
93.
Understanding and control of the surface properties such as molecular orientations are of great importance in numerous applications of ionic liquids. However, there remain discrepancies among the previous experimental and theoretical studies on the surface orientation and structures of room temperature ionic liquids(RTIL) systems. In this article, the orientation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium([bmin]) cation at the air/liquid interface of a characteristic RTIL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([bmim][PF6]), was investigated by the sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy(SFG-VS). Detailed polarization and experimental configuration analyses of the SFG-VS spectra showed the possibility of a small spectral splitting in the CH3 symmetric stretching region, which can be further attributed to the probable existence of multiple orientations for the interfacial [bmim] cations. In addition, the(N)–CH3 vibrations were absent, ruling out the prediction by several recent molecular dynamics simulations which state that portions of the [bmim] cations orient with a standing-up(N)–CH3 group at the ionic liquid surface. Hence, new realistic theoretical models have to be developed to reflect the complex nature of the ionic liquid surface. 相似文献
94.
Azobenzene‐Functionalized Cage Silsesquioxanes as Inorganic–Organic Hybrid,Photoresponsive, Nanoscale,Building Blocks
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Prof. Hongzhi Liu 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(12):4731-4738
Mono‐ and octa‐azobenzene‐functionalized cage silsesquioxanes were easily synthesized by the reaction of 4‐bromoazobenzene with monovinyl‐substituted octasilsesquioxane and cubic octavinylsilsesquioxane through the Heck coupling reaction. Excited‐state energies obtained from time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and the CAM‐B3LYP functional correlate very well with experimental trans–cis photoisomerization results from UV/Vis spectroscopy. These azobenzene‐functionalized cages exhibit good thermal stability and are fluorescent with maximum emission at approximately 400 nm, making them potential materials for blue‐light emission. 相似文献
95.
A rapid method had been used for comparative study on Artemisia halodendron Turcz. and its two related plants by gas phase-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The comparison of the volatile oils obtained in three plants by GC-MS were similar in 20 compositions. However, n-Hexadecanoic acid (10.40%), Biphenyl (7.867%) and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (7.25%) were the predominant in the volatile oils of A. halodendron Turcz., whereas these constituents did not exist in the other two plants. And the study investigated the effect of three plants against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. 70% ethanol extracts of A. halodendron Turcz. showed weaker protective effect than the other two plants. It suggested that they provide a basis for the identification of the A. halodendron Turcz. from the other two plants and the ethanol extract from three plants exerted a protecting effect against hepatotoxicity. 相似文献
96.
Hyper-parallel quantum information processing is a promising and beneficial research field. Herein, a method to implement a hyper-parallel controlled-phase-flip (hyper-CPF) gate for frequency-, spatial-, and time-bin-encoded qubits by coupling flying photons to trapped nitrogen vacancy (NV) defect centers is presented. The scheme, which differs from their conventional parallel counterparts, is specifically advantageous in decreasing against the dissipate noise, increasing the quantum channel capacity, and reducing the quantum resource overhead. The gate qubits with frequency, spatial, and time-bin degrees of freedom (DOF) are immune to quantum decoherence in optical fibers, whereas the polarization photons are easily disturbed by the ambient noise. 相似文献
97.
Ziritaxestat is a first-in-class autotoxin inhibitor. The purpose of this study was to develop a liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (LC–MS/MS) method for the determination of ziritaxestat in rat plasma. The plasma sample was deproteinated using acetonitrile and then separated on an Acquity BEH C18 column with water containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as mobile phase, which was delivered at 0.4 ml/min. Ziritaxestat and the internal standard (crizotinib) were quantitatively monitored with precursor-to-product transitions of m/z 589.3 > 262.2 and m/z 450.1 > 260.2, respectively. The total running time was 2.5 min. The method showed excellent linearity over the concentration range 0.5–2000 ng/ml, with correlation coefficient >0.9987. The extraction recovery was >82.09% and the matrix effect was not significant. Inter- and intra-day precisions (RSD) were <11.20% and accuracies were in the range of −8.50–7.45%. Ziritaxestat was demonstrated to be stable in rat plasma under the tested conditions. The validated LC–MS/MS method was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetic profiles of ziritaxestat in rat plasma after intravenous and oral administration. Pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that ziritaxestat displayed a short half-life (~3 h) and low bioavailability (20.52%). 相似文献
98.
It is believed that there are more fundamental gauge symmetries beyond those described by the Standard Model of particle physics. The scales of these new gauge symmetries are usually too high to be reachable by particle colliders. Considering that the phase transition (PT) relating to the spontaneous breaking of new gauge symmetries to the electroweak symmetry might be strongly first order, we propose considering the stochastic gravitational waves (GW) arising from this phase transition as an indirect way of detecting these new fundamental gauge symmetries. As an illustration, we explore the possibility of detecting the stochastic GW generated from the PT of \begin{document}$ {\bf{B}}-{\bf{L}}$\end{document} ![]()
![]()
in the space-based interferometer detectors. Our study demonstrates that the GW energy spectrum is reachable by the LISA, Tianqin, Taiji, BBO, and DECIGO experiments only for the case where the spontaneous breaking of \begin{document}$ {\bf{B}}-{\bf{L}}$\end{document} ![]()
![]()
is triggered by at least two electroweak singlet scalars. 相似文献
99.
100.
Development of an LC‐MS/MS method for determining the pharmacokinetics of clonidine following oral administration of Zhenju antihypertensive compound
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Jing Qin Limin Wang Lihong Wu Jun Chen Teng Shen Yongji Li Limei Han Jianxin Wang 《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》2015,29(7):1068-1075
Zhenju antihypertensive compound (ZJAHC) is a combined Chinese–Western medicine formula including clonidine (CLO), hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), rutin, Chrysanthemum indicum extract and pearl powder. Compared with CLO preparations, ZJAHC shows improved activities and decreased adverse effects. It is believed that the side effects of CLO are caused by its high peak plasma concentration. Hence, study of the influence of ZJAHC on the pharmacokinetic behaviors of clonidine seems essential. In present study, the plasma concentrations of CLO were determined with a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method. The MS/MS transitions monitored for clonidine and internal standard were 230.2 → 213.1 and 152.2 → 110.2, respectively. The analyte was quantified in a single run within 3 min. The pharmacokinetic study showed that the area under the plasma concentration–time curve of CLO in ZJAHC (60 µg/kg CLO) was similar to that of CLO‐HCT‐high (120 µg/kg CLO) but the peak concentration was much lower than that in CLO‐HCT‐high. ZJAHC could enhance the bioavailability without greatly increasing peak concentration of clonidine. This comprehensive effect of enhancing the bioavailability and avoiding the high peak plasma concentration for CLO might mainly result from the co‐contribution of Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), while the effect of TCM was stronger than that of Western medicine. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献