Exponential convergence for one dimensional contact processes

The complete convergence theorem implies that starting from any initial distribution the one dimensional contact process converges to a limit ast. In this paper we give a necessary and sufficient condition on the initial distribution for the convergence to occur with exponential rapidity.This work was discussed while the authors were visiting the Nankai Mathematics Institute in Tianjin.Partially supported by the National Science Foundation, the Army Research Office through the Mathematical Sciences Institute at Cornell University, and a Guggenheim fellowship.Research supported by the National Science Foundation of China.     

Percolation and electrical resistivity in the YBa2Cu3O7−Ag composite system

We have measured the resistivity of the YBa₂Cu₃O₇–Ag composite system with Ag volume fraction,p _Ag ranging from 0–100%. The percolation behavior and the normal-state resistivity are studied. We find a three-dimensional threshold for the Ag matrix occurring atp _Ag 20% and a threshold for the superconducting matrix occurring at 1–p _Ag30%. The electrical resistivity is interpreted in terms of a resistivity model for granular YBa₂Cu₃O₇ proposed by Halbritter et al. [Z. Phys. B —Condensed Matter71, 411 (1988)]. Based on this model, we show that the resistivities between the YBa₂Cu₃O₇ grains and flaws in the grains are greatly diminished in the samples, indicating significantly improved grain growth behavior of the YBa₂Cu₃O₇ phase resulting from the addition of Ag. With the diminishing of the grain boundary resistivities, an intrinsic value for the temperature coefficient of resistivity, (1/gr)(d/dT), can be inferred, which is 3.3×10^–3/K at 300 K. This value is very close to that observed in the Cu–O₂ planes in single crystals and epitaxial films of YBa₂Cu₃O₇.     

The asymptotic properties of the multichannel autoregressive spectral estimates

If we fit a-vector stationary time series using observationsx(1), ...,x(T) with AR models , then the spectral densityf() of {x(t)} can be estimated byf _k ^(T) ()=(2)^– A _k ^(T) (e ^–)^–1 _k ^(T) A _k ^(T) (e ^–i)^–, where are estimates of the variance matrix of(t), the residuals of the best linear prediction. By extending some results for the scalar case, this paper treats the asymptotic properties of the estimates in the multichannel case.     

Molecular dynamics studies on octadecylammonium chloride at the air/liquid interface

Molecular dynamics simulations on surfactant octadecylammonium chloride at the air/liquid interface were performed. It was found that the alkyl chains of octadecylammonium would change to order with increasing the concentration of octadecylammonium at the air/liquid interface. Some functions, such as the concentration distributions, the radial distribution function and the mean squared displacement (MSD) were evaluated to investigate the structural properties of interface. We found that the salts can affect octadecylammonium aggregate at the interface: (1) univalent ions, such as chloride and sodium ions, affect slightly the structure of monolayer and (2) bivalent ions, such as sulfate or calcium ions, affect greatly, especially for the bivalent negative ions.     

Radiation Effects on Concentrated Potassium Hexacyanoferrate(III) Solutions

The neutron irradiated potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solutions were analyzed for Fe(CN)₆^4?, Fe(CN)₆^3?, and Prussian blue. The retention values (1.1%) were constant throughout the pH and concentration ranges studied, and did not change with the length of irradiation. The complex behavior of the radiochemical yield of the Fe(CN)₆^4? and Prussian blue was attributed to the competition of the various reactions involved in the irradiation.     

电子探针定量分析的标准样品——几种多元氧化物单晶

在很高的温度和适宜的生长条件下,分别采用熔盐籽晶法和高温引上法生长了高质量的YAP、NAB、KTP、LN、BBO、SBN等多元氧化物单晶,它们具有优良的物理化学性能,严格的化学比,固定的组成与结构以及较好的化学均匀性和电子束轰击下的稳定性。广泛地用于激光和非线性光学领域。我们选用这些晶体为原材料研制电子探针定量分析的标准样品。经过测量和标定,这些单晶标样符合中华人民共和国国家标准GB 4930-85(电子探针显微分析标准样品通用技术条件)的规定。含有稀土元素的标样如NAB和YAP能发出绿色荧光,是电子显微术中理想的阴极发光材料。     

Vibrational modes and infrared absorption of interstitial oxygen in silicon

A quasi-linear Si₂O molecule model (QLMM) is suggested from an analysis of the configuration and the interactions of an isolated oxygen atom with its neighbor silicon atoms. The vibrational modes are assigned and the infrared absorption spectra are calculated in detail with the model. The theoretical results are in reasonably good agreement with reported experimental values. This agreement shows that for the analysis of the vibrational modes of the interstitial oxygen atom in silicon crystals it is not necessary to consider the coupling of the molecule with the rest of the lattice. The interaction of the oxygen atom with its six second-nearest silicon atoms only causes the level separation of the ₂ mode and the formation of the fine structure.     

Synthesis, band structure, and optical properties of Ba2ZnV2O8

A novel compound Ba₂ZnV₂O₈ has been synthesized in high temperature solution reaction and its crystal structure has been characterized by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in monoclinic system and belongs to space group P2₁/c with a=7.9050(16), b=16.149(3), , β=90.49(3). It builds up from 1-D branchy chains of [ZnV₂O₈⁴⁻]_∞, and the Ba²⁺ cations are located in the space among these chains. The IR spectrum, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection integral spectrum and fluorescent spectra of this compound have been investigated. The calculated results of energy band structure by the density functional theory method show that the solid-state compound of Ba₂ZnV₂O₈ is an insulator with direct band gap of 3.48 eV. The calculated total and partial density of states indicate that the top valence bands are contributions from the mixings of O-2p, V-3d, and Zn-3d states and low conduction bands mostly originate from unoccupied antibonding states between the V-3d and O-2p states. The V-O bonds are mostly covalence characters and Zn-O bonds are mostly ionic interactions, and the ionic interaction strength is stronger between the Ba-O than between the Zn-O. The refractive index of n_x, n_y, and n_z is estimated to be 1.7453, 1.7469, and 1.7126, respectively, at wavelength of 1060 nm for Ba₂ZnV₂O₈ crystal.