酸蚀对微通道板电性能的影响

采用扫描电镜（SEM）、卢瑟福背散射谱（RBS）、原子力显微镜（AFM）、能量色散谱仪（EDS）、照度计、微通道板测试台等分析表征手段,从微通道板皮料玻璃表面的成分、形貌和结构上,研究了酸蚀时间对微通道板电子增益、体电阻、噪声电流和电子图像等电性能的影响。研究结果表明：酸蚀时间显著影响微通道板的电性能,经酸蚀120min后微通道板的电子增益和图像亮度达到最高值;随着酸蚀时间的增加,噪声电流相应增加,而体电阻降至一定值后保持相对的稳定。     

MPT-AES法测定乳胶手套中的铁、镍、镁、钙、锌

研究了用微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法(MPT-AES)测定乳胶手套中微量铁、镍、镁、钙、锌元素含量的方法。详细考察了测定铁、镍、镁、钙、锌实验参数,以及介质酸和共存离子干扰情况。实验结果表明,本方法测定铁、镍、镁、钙、锌的检出限分别为77.8、7.55、2.70、276、46.2μg/L,方法的精密度分别为1.52%、0.67%、0.03%、2.53%、0.91%,线性范围分别为0.08~2.5、0.06~2、0.001~3、0.005~2、0.05~1 mg/L,样品测定的加标回收率分别在95%~103%、98%~105%、99%~106%、98%~104%、97%~106%之间。结果令人满意。     

Decyloxyphenyl-substituted quinoxaline-embedded conjugated electrochromic polymers with high switching stability and fast response speed

Two novel decyloxyphenylquinoxaline-based donor-acceptor(D-A) electroactive monomers bearing dialkoxythiophene as the donor unit are synthesized using Stille coupling reaction. The corresponding polymers, poly[2,3-bis(4-decyloxyphenyl)-5,8-bis(3,4-dimethoxylthiophen-2-yl)quinoxaline](P1) and poly[2,3-bis(4-decyloxyphenyl)-5,8-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)quinoxaline](P2), are directly deposited onto the working electrode surface by electropolymerization. All materials were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), mass spectrometry(MS), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), cyclic voltammetry(CV), ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrometry(UV-Vis) and spectro-electrochemical measurements. Electrochemical studies demonstrate that both polymers are capable of showing both reasonable n- and p-doping processes, and advanced long-term switching stabilities. 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene substituted for 3,4-dimethoxythiophene as a donor unit, which enhances the conjugated double-bond character of the conducting polymer, thus leading to a lower electronic band-gap. Likewise, the neutral state color of the synthesized polymer tuned from blue to blue-green corresponding to the red shift of the maximum absorption wavelengths in the visible region. In addition, kinetics study of P1 revealed 42%(595 nm), 30%(839 nm) and 69%(1500 nm) transmittance changes(ΔT%), while P2 exhibited 32%(740 nm), 71%(2000 nm) at the dominant wavelengths. It was also observed that both films could switch quickly between the neutral state and oxidation state, with the response time less than 1 s both in visible and near infrared regions.     

生物质中矿物质在气化条件下的演变行为研究

以稻秸秆和玉米秸秆为原料,考察了弱还原性气氛以及550-1 300℃生物质中矿物质的变化,并采用Fact Sage软件对生物质中矿物质在高温下的演变行为进行了模拟。结果表明,生物质灰中Na和K元素的存在形式相对稳定,部分以气态氯化物的形式挥发出去,部分存在于低熔点硅酸盐或硫酸盐中;Si元素与Ca、Fe、Mg和Al四种元素形成的硅酸盐的变化形式较多,主要形成辉石[(Ca,Mg,Fe)_2Si_2O_6]、橄榄石[(Ca,Mg,Fe)_2SiO_4]和黄长石[Ca_2(Al,Mg)(Si,Al)SiO_7]三类物质,随着温度的升高,部分辉石会转化为橄榄石与黄长石,此三类物质相互作用易形成熔点较低的共熔体而导致矿物质的熔融。方石英和莫来石[Al_6Si_2O_(13)]是导致稻秸秆流动温度高于玉米秸秆的主要原因,莫来石最终转化为斜铁辉石[FeSiO_3]、铁尖晶石[FeAl_2O_4]和钙长石[CaAl_2Si_2O_8]等熔点较低的矿物质。     

Kerr缺陷一维耦合腔光波导的双稳态方向性

本文提出一种只在一层高折射率介质层中掺杂Kerr介质的一维耦合腔光波导.利用一维传输矩阵理论和非线性传输矩阵方法研究了此结构的光学双稳态.根据一维传输矩阵理论分析了此结构的线性特性,包括低频带边模的偏移及场分布的特点,讨论了此结构实现双稳态的原理.研究发现:由于缺陷层中场分布与入射光方向密切相关,而缺陷层光场的局域,将...     

1555nm宽带通滤光膜的设计和优化

针对对空间通信的特殊需求,设计并制备了1 555 nm波段的高透过率、宽带通滤光膜,该滤光膜在高温高湿环境下能够稳定工作。根据薄膜设计理论,选取折射率差大的TiO2和SiO2作为镀膜材料,采用规整膜系进行膜系设计。借助Optilayer软件,采用针形优化和双面镀膜方法,得到优化的非规整膜系。采用直接与间接监控相结合的手段监控薄膜生长,并探讨了薄膜的生长条件。在电子束蒸发离子辅助沉积条件下,制备出中心波长处透过率达到97%,带宽为50 nm的滤光膜。在100℃高温和-30℃低温各保持3 h的条件下,波长漂移仅0.2 nm,具有高的稳定性和可靠性,满足空间通信的使用要求。     

缺钙胁迫下花生植株的傅里叶红外光谱研究

钙(Ca)是植物必需营养元素之一,对植物的生长、发育与生理代谢等起着重要作用。缺钙会减少作物的产量,降低品质,因此影响经济价值。花生(Arachis hypogaea)是对缺钙很敏感的作物。试验选取LH11与YZ9102两个花生品种为供试作物,待花生幼苗长出第一片真叶以后,转移至营养液中,分别在三个钙处理(0,0.01和2.0mmol·L-1)下培养28d,随后取样分析花生幼苗生长情况与钙吸收,并利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)检测花生苗期植株不同器官的特征吸收峰,研究缺钙胁迫下花生苗期植株体内的化学组分变化。试验结果表明:在0和0.01 mmol·L-1钙处理下,花生品种YZ9102并未出现缺钙症状,但是品种LH11缺钙症状明显:叶片变小、植株变矮、茎尖顶端生长点坏死,基部侧枝数增多。品种YZ9102植株体内与LH11相比较,有较高的钙浓度与钙积累量。0和0.01mmol·L-1的钙缺钙营养液培养下,品种LH11根系钙积累量在整个植株中所占比例较高,而品种YZ9102在叶中钙积累比例较高。与正常钙供应处理相比,缺钙胁迫下,品种LH11根、茎、叶FTIR谱在1 060,1 380,1 655,2 922和3 420cm-1波长附近透射率较高,表明缺钙胁迫下花生幼苗植株体内蛋白质、糖类和脂类等组分明显降低,但品种YZ9102受到缺钙胁迫影响较小。品种YZ9102比LH11更耐缺钙胁迫。     

炭化温度对红柳林煤温和液化-炭化耦合转化产物的影响

在炭化温度为430-600℃研究了红柳林煤温和液化-炭化耦合转化过程的产物分布及理化性质。结果表明,半焦产率达40.64%-53.02%,有机液相产率达30.89%-36.98%,正己烷可溶物产率达29.74%-33.28%;在较低温度下炭化温度升高有利于正己烷可溶物产率提高,而在较高炭化温度下则相反;430℃炭化温度下半焦表现出较强黏结性,550℃炭化温度下半焦的黏结性消失,挥发分降至10%左右。通过调节炭化温度可使半焦定向用于配煤炼焦或无烟煤原料。     

Dynamically irreversible channels of population transfer in coherently driven Λ systems

Dynamically induced irreversibility is found to take place in coherently driven Λ systems in which there is no conventional source of irreversible population pumping. When the rates of spontaneous emission from the excited state to two metastable states are equal, the dynamically induced irreversibility leads to population inversion of 0.07. When two atomic decay rates are not near to each other, a maximum population inversion of 0.4 is achieved. The maximum population inversion requires atom-field detunings of the opposite signs, as well as both strong coupling of the atom to coherent fields and a disparity in the atomic decay rates. On the other hand, even in cases where two detunings have the same sign, it is possible to obtain population inversion.     

烟气催化脱硝装置对多环芳烃排放特性的影响

通过对装有选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝装置的燃煤锅炉排放烟气中的多环芳烃(PAHs)进行测试,分析比较了工业锅炉排放的PAHs经过SCR脱硝装置前后的排放特性变化.实验结果表明,烟气催化脱硝装置促进了PAHs含量的增加,特别是低环多环芳烃含量的增加,并提高了其毒性当量,但对PAHs在气相与颗粒相的分布影响不大.