Preparation and drug delivery study of electrospun hollow PES ultrafine fibers with a multilayer wall

The focus of this work was the preparation of hollow ultrafine fibers with a multilayer wall via coaxial electrospinning technology in one step and then studied their drug delivery properties. In this paper, by choosing a suitable dilute hydrophilic polymer solution as the core solution, polyethersulfone (PES) hollow ultrafine fibers with two different layers wall (porous structure layer and dense smooth layer) were formed during coaxial electrospinning process in one step. They showed good drug delivery capacity when curcumin was used as the model drug. There were much larger delivery amounts, more stable release rate, and higher utilization rate of PES hollow ultrafine fibers with a multilayer wall to curcumin than that of PES porous ultrafine fibers. Compared with porous ultrafine fibers, hollow ultrafine fibers with two different layers wall were more suitable to be used as drug delivery materials. Besides, between the two hollow ultrafine fibers with two different layers wall mentioned in this paper, there was much better drug delivery capacity for the hollow fibers produced with the core solution of PVA/DMSO. These results showed that PES hollow ultrafine fibers with two different layers wall have the potential to be used as the drug delivery materials.     

The Relationship of Freeze Tolerance with Intracellular Compounds in Baker’s Yeasts

Freeze-tolerant baker’s yeasts are required for the processing of frozen doughs. The present study was carried out to investigate the cell survival rate after frozen storage and the change of fermentability in dough due to frozen storage, and to discuss quantitatively the relationship of freeze tolerance with intracellular trehalose, amino acids, and glycerol, using six types of baker’s yeasts as the test materials. The experimental results showed that the fermentability of yeast cells in frozen dough was strongly correlated with the cell survival rate. The baker’s yeast with a higher level of cell survival rate had a larger increase in the total intracellular compound content after frozen storage, and the cell survival rate increased linearly with increasing total intracellular compound content in frozen yeast cells. Trehalose was a primary compound affecting freeze tolerance, followed by glutamic acid, arginine, proline, asparagic acid, and glycerol. The basic information provided by the present study is useful for exploring the freeze-tolerance mechanisms of baker’s yeast cells, breeding better freeze-tolerant baker’s yeast strains, and developing more effective cryoprotectants.     

Role of gas cooling time on crystalline morphology and mechanical property of the HDPE parts prepared by gas-assisted injection molding

In this study, the hierarchical crystalline structures of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) samples molded by gas-assisted injection molding (GAIM) with different gas cooling times were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray scattering, tensile testing techniques, and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. It was found that the shish-kebab, the oriented lamellae, and common spherulite structures orderly distributed from the skin region to gas channel region of samples. More importantly, the wider area with highly oriented structure (shish-kebab) was obtained in the samples with longer gas cooling time, in that the longer gas cooling time tends to increase the cooling rate of polymer melt, and then much more stretched chains are retained. Although lower crystallinity, the higher degree of orientation, and much more shish-kebab structures lead to significant reinforcement from 28 to 785 MPa of the samples with gas cooling time of 0.5 s to 32 and 879 MPa of the samples with gas cooling time of 20 s for tensile strength and modulus, respectively. Finally, combined the HDPE molecular parameter with characteristic of the GAIM temperature field and flow field, the formation and stability of crystalline morphology in different regions of sample were discussed.     

玉米醇溶蛋白高分子材料的制备与应用进展

作为一种天然高分子,玉米醇溶蛋白(Zein)具有疏水性、可降解性、抗菌性等特点。本文在介绍Zein结构、组成及性质的基础上,首先介绍了Zein的提取与脱色方法;然后,总结了通过小分子与高分子改性制备Zein基高分子材料的方法;最后,综述了基于Zein的高分子材料在食品、生物医药、纤维、粘合剂以及其他行业的应用研究进展。作为一类生物相容与生物可降解的天然高分子材料,Zein基材料在药物载体、食品包装、粘合剂等领域将具有更广泛的发展前景。     

分子印迹阵列式传感器的研究进展

分子印迹阵列式传感器具有识别率高、选择性好、价格低廉等优点,受到研究者们的极大关注,已经在食品分析、环境分析、药物分析、临床诊断等研究领域中得到应用。分子印迹阵列式传感器是以分子印迹聚合物作为识别元素的集成化传感器,通过各传感单元对分析物响应后产生的特征图谱实现对目标化合物的识别,不仅可用于单一目标化合物的选择性识别,还可以用于多种目标化合物同时存在时的测定。分子印迹阵列式传感器的响应信号机制主要划分为光信号、质量敏感信号和电化学信号等。本文简要介绍了分子印迹技术的产生和发展,重点评述了基于三种信号机制的分子印迹阵列式传感器的研究进展,并展望了分子印迹阵列式传感器的应用前景和研究方向。     

Recent advances in polymer network liquid crystal spatial light modulators

Polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC) spatial light modulators are attractive for display and photonic applications because they can achieve submillisecond response time while keeping a large phase change. However, their on-state scattering caused by the grain boundary of LC multidomains hinders their applications. In this article, we review recent progress on the development of scattering-free PNLCs extending from short-wavelength infrared to visible region by reducing the domain sizes to ∼200 nm through low temperature curing process. To reduce operation voltage, both transmissive and reflective modes, LC material properties (birefringence and dielectric anisotropy), polymer composition and concentration, and pretilt angle effect are analyzed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014 , 52, 183–192     

UV/Fe(Ⅲ)-富马酸盐体系降解对硝基苯酚

研究了在紫外光(UV)照射下,Fe(Ⅲ)-富马酸盐体系对p-硝基苯酚(PNP)的光降解反应,考察了溶液pH、Fe(Ⅲ)、富马酸盐和PNP的初始浓度对PNP降解率的影响。结果表明,UV/Fe(Ⅲ)-富马酸盐体系对PNP有光降解作用,相比于只含Fe(Ⅲ)或者富马酸盐体系,同时加入Fe(Ⅲ)与富马酸盐构成的体系在降解PNP方面有协同作用。在pH 3.0~6.0范围内,PNP的降解率随着pH和PNP初始浓度的增大而降低,而随着Fe(Ⅲ)和富马酸盐的初始浓度的增大而增大。氯仿猝灭法证实,该体系在降解PNP反应过程中产生了超氧负离子自由基;采用荧光法和异丙醇猝灭法证实了该体系在反应过程中产生了羟基自由基,同时证实了羟基自由基为PNP光降解反应的主要反应物质。     

羟甲基化木质素磺酸盐添加剂对钻井液性能的影响

为了进一步优化木质素磺酸盐作为钻井液处理剂的效能,利用其与甲醛的羟甲基化反应制备了羟甲基化木质素磺酸盐;采用红外光谱仪、X射线粉末衍射仪、扫描电镜等分析了其结构;测定了改性前后的木质素磺酸盐对钻井液流变性、降滤失性、黏土水化膨胀抑制性等性能的影响.结果显示,改性后的羟甲基化木质素磺酸盐的整体结构变化不大,但羟基数量增加,与水的相溶性增强.与木质素磺酸盐相比,羟甲基化木质素磺酸盐在室温下对基浆有较强的提黏作用,经180℃高温老化后降黏、降滤失作用有所增强,形成的泥饼厚度降低,对黏土水化膨胀的抑制作用增强.     

共振散射法测定安乃近含量

在pH=5.0的B-R缓冲溶液中,Fe(Ⅲ)与邻菲啰啉反应生成无色配合物,从而使得体系在374nm波长处产生1个较强的共振散射峰。加入安乃近(或4-甲氨基安替比林)后,其将Fe(Ⅲ)还原成Fe(Ⅱ),而生成一种橙红色配合物,使得体系在374nm(或373nm)波长处的共振散射信号减弱。在最佳实验条件下,当安乃近浓度在0.634~15.2μg/mL范围内,体系的共振散射信号△I与安乃近的浓度之间有较好的线性关系,检出限为5.75ng/mL。该方法可直接用于测定安乃近含量,回收率为100.4%~103.4%。     

孔雀石绿分子印迹表面等离子共振传感器的制备及分析应用

利用表面等离子共振(SPR)光谱,结合分子印迹技术,制备了孔雀石绿分子印迹SPR传感器,建立了检测孔雀石绿的分析方法。探讨了pH值对分子印迹膜吸附特性的影响,并在最佳pH下对其吸附选择性进行了考察。研究结果表明,与相应非印迹传感膜相比,孔雀石绿印迹传感膜对孔雀石绿具有较高的吸附选择性能。该方法测定河水及河泥中孔雀绿的线性范围为8.0×10-10~1.0×10-8 mol/L,检出限(S/N=3)分别为8.83×10-11 mol/L和1.55×10-10 mol/L,平均回收率分别为91.97%和93.88%,相对标准偏差分别为1.2%和2.1%。该方法具有简单、快速、灵敏度高、重复性好等特点,适用于河水和河泥中孔雀石绿的测定。