Robust observer design for nonlinear uncertain switched systems under asynchronous switching

Switching between the system and the associated observer or controller is in fact asynchronous in switched control systems. However, many times we assume it synchronous, for simplicity. In this paper, the robust observer design problems for a class of nonlinear uncertain switched systems for synchronous and asynchronous switching are addressed. At first, a robust observer under synchronous switching is proposed based on average dwell time approach. After that, the results are extended to robust observer design in the asynchronous case. In this case, two working modes are adopted to facilitate the studies on the issue. Finally, an extension case covering more practical applications is investigated under asynchronous switching. The designed observer cannot maintain the asymptotical stability of error state, but the eventual boundness is guaranteed. At the end, a numerical design example is given to illustrate our results.     

Formation and crystal structure of 1-methyl-2-phenylindolizine-3-acetonitrile

1-Methyl-2-phenylindolizine-3-acetonitrile was unexpectedly obtained in the reaction of 1-methyl-2-phenylindolizine-3-thioaldehyde with cyanide ions. Its structure was determined by IR, ¹H NMR, MS, elemental analyses, and X-ray crystallography. Colorless regular prism shaped crystals of C₁₇H₁₄N₂ crystallize in the space group C2/c with cell dimensions a = 12.956(3) Å, b =10.516(2) Å, c = 20.429(4) Å, and = 90°, = 104.98(3)°, = 90°, V =2688.7(9) ų, D _calc =1.217 Mg/m³, and Z = 8.     

微波消解氢化物发生ICP—AES法测定川山紫中痕量硒

建立了微波消解连续氢化物发生ICP AES法测定川山紫中痕量硒的方法 ,系统地研究了微波消解、氢化物发生的最佳条件 ,方法简便快速 ,检出限为 0 .0 0 38μg·ml- 1,RSD为 1.13% (n =10 ,0 .5 4 7μg·g- 1Se) ,样品加标回收率为 99.2 4 %。     

一种新型铒镱共掺碲硅酸盐玻璃的光谱性质及荧光俘获效应研究

用高温熔制法制备了系列Er^3＋／Yb^3＋共掺碲硅酸盐玻璃样品，测试和分析了玻璃样品的吸收光谱、荧光光谱、上转换发光光谱及热稳定性。结果表明：这种玻璃具有较宽的荧光半高宽、较大的受激发射截面，较好的热稳定性。970nm泵浦下该系列玻璃在可见光525，546和658nm这3处存在明显的上转换现象，它们分别由Er^3＋离子^2H11/2→^4 I15/2，4S3/2→^4 I15/2和^4 F9/2→^4 I15/2辐射跃迁产生。另外，测试和讨论了在不同样品厚度下玻璃的光谱特性，如荧光光谱、荧光寿命和上转换发光光谱等。结果表明，荧光俘获效应对Er^3＋离子1．5μm波段荧光及上转换发光都有着较大的影响，并随着玻璃厚度的增加而增大，导致测量值与实际值产生较大的偏差。     

水热合成CdS纳米晶体的形貌控制研究

研究了水热合成CdS纳米晶体形貌的化学控制，选择不同的络合试剂为模板,研究其对水热合成CdS纳米晶体形貌的影响.实验发现若以络合试剂乙二胺、甲胺为模板时，产品CdS晶体的形貌分别为（20～30） nm×（200～600） nm和（40～50） nm×（200～600） nm尺寸的纳米棒;而以络合试剂吡啶、 氨为模板时，产品CdS晶体的形貌分别为平均尺寸约30 nm和20 nm的纳米颗粒.用XRD、TEM、XPS、PL和Raman光谱等技术对所得CdS纳米棒进行了表征.同时对水热合成CdS纳米晶体形貌的模板控制机制进行了探讨，提出了一种水热合成CdS纳米棒的络合物结构诱导生长机理.     

电解液中有机添加剂对锌电极性能的影响

本文通过恒电位计时电流、恒电位阶跃以及线性扫描等电化学方法考察了电解液中加入有机添加剂对锌电极电化学性能的影响。结果表明,在电解液中添加1∶1的NMP TCX型添加剂能有效的抑制锌电极在碱液中枝晶的生长并具有较好的缓蚀作用。     

金属锡作用下炔丙基碘与醛类化合物的反应

金属锡作用下的烯丙基卤代物与羰基化合物的加成反应以其反应条件温和及能选择性地与含有其他反应活性基团的羰基化合物加成等特点而显示出在有机合成上的应用价值。但目前这类反应还只局限于烯丙基卤代物反应的范围内。本文首次报道金属锡作用下的炔丙     

Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of New Type β‐Methoxyacrylate‐Based Strobilurin Analogues

Strobilurins have become one of the most important classes of agricultural fungicides. To discover new strobilurin derivatives with high activity against resistant pathogens, a series of novel β‐methoxyacrylate analogues were designed and synthesized by integrating substituted pyrimidine with a strobilurin pharmacophore. The compounds were confirmed and characterized by infrared, ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance, elemental analysis and mass spectroscopy. The bioassays indicated that most of the compounds 1 exhibited potent antifungal activity against Colletotrichum orbiculare, Botrytis cinerea Pers and Phytophthora capsici Leonian at the concentration of 50 μg/mL. Exhilaratingly, compound 1a (R=methyl) showed better antifungal activity against all the tested fungi than the commercial strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin.     

激光诱导击穿光谱法定量分析水泥中的铜元素

为定量分析水泥中的铜(Cu)元素,根据激光诱导击穿光谱分析方法(Ll BS)的特点,建立了激光诱导击穿光谱分析系统。采用标准加入法为定标方法,制备了5个不同含铜量的水泥样品。根据LIBS谱图,以213.598 nm和219.958 nm作为分析线。应用Savitzky-Golary卷积平滑方法对光谱数据进行了预处理,比较了Guass、Lorentz和Voigt拟合方法对光谱曲线的拟合效果。对测量结果采用一元线性拟合建立了相应的定标曲线,213.598 nm和219.958 nm定标曲线的校正决定系数分别为0.994 8和0.986 4,平均相对误差分别为3.20%和5.78%。实验结果表明:213.598 nm作为分析线的准确度优于219.958 nm分析线,该方法能够满足水泥中Cu元素定量分析的要求。     

PLS-GRNN法近红外光谱多组分定量分析研究

研究了偏最小二乘(partial least squares ,PLS)与广义回归神经网络(generalized regression neural networks, GRNN)联用在近红外光谱多组分定量分析中的应用。以饲料样品为实验材料,采用PLS-GRNN法建立了饲料中水溶性氯化物、粗纤维、脂肪三项组分含量近红外光谱定量分析模型。马氏距离法剔除强影响点和奇异点,用PLS法将原始数据压缩为主成分,取8个主成分吸收峰与4个原始图谱特征峰值输入GRNN网络,网络光滑因子σ_i为0.1。PLS-GRNN模型对样品3个组分含量的预测决定系数(r2)分别为：0.984 0,0.987 0,0.983 0;样品平行扫描光谱预测值的标准偏差分别为：0.003 26,0.065 5,0.031 4。结果表明所建PLS-GRNN模型通过近红外光谱能够准确预测饲料中水溶性氯化物、粗纤维、脂肪三项组分含量,为近红外光谱进行多组分定量分析提供了新思路,同时为解决近红外快速检测技术在预测组分含量较低的样品时误差相对较大的问题提供了可靠的方法。