Enhanced electrochemical properties and thermal stability of LiNi<Subscript>1/3</Subscript>Co<Subscript>1/3</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>1/3</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript> by surface modification with Eu<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>

Layered LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ cathode material is synthesized via a sol-gel method and subsequently surface-modified with Eu₂O₃ layer by a wet chemical process. The effect of Eu₂O₃ coating on the electrochemical performances and thermal stability of LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂@Eu₂O₃ cells is investigated systematically by the charge/discharge testing, cyclic voltammograms, AC impedance spectroscopy, and DSC measurements, respectively. In comparison, the Eu₂O₃-coated sample demonstrates better electrochemical performances and thermal stability than that of the pristine one. After 100 cycles at 1C, the Eu₂O₃-coated LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ cathode demonstrates stable cyclability with capacity retention of 92.9 %, which is higher than that (75.5 %) of the pristine one in voltage range 3.0–4.6 V. Analysis from the electrochemical measurements reveals that the remarkably improved performances of the surface-modified composites are mainly ascribed to the presence of Eu₂O₃-coating layer, which could efficiently suppress the undesirable side reaction and increasing impedance, and enhance the structural stability of active material.     

The effects of overtaking strategy in the Nagel-Schreckenberg model

Based on the Nagel-Schreckenberg (NS) model with periodic boundary conditions, weproposed the NSOS model by adding the overtaking strategy (OS). In our model, overtakingvehicles are randomly selected with probability q at each time step, and the successful overtakingis determined by their velocities. We observed that (i) traffic jams still occur in theNSOS model; (ii) OS increases the traffic flow in the regime where the densities exceedthe maximum flow density. We also studied the phase transition (from free flow phase tojammed phase) of the NSOS model by analyzing the overtaking success rate, order parameter,relaxation time and correlation function, respectively. It was shown that the NSOS modeldiffers from the NS model mainly in the jammed regime, and the influence of OS on thetransition density is dominated by the braking probability p.     

Growth and optical properties of Pr<Superscript>3+</Superscript>:KLu(WO<Subscript>4</Subscript>)<Subscript>2</Subscript> laser crystal: a candidate for red emission laser

A Pr³⁺:KLu(WO₄)₂ crystal with dimension of 30 × 30 × 15 mm³ was grown in the K₂W₂O₇ flux. A slice was cut from the crystal, and the polarized absorption and fluorescence spectra were measured at room temperature. Based on the J-O theory, the oscillator intensity parameters Ω _t (t = 2, 4, 6), spontaneous emission probabilities and branch ratios were estimated and good results had been obtained. Furthermore, the crystal has a relatively large emission cross-section in the region of 615–630 nm with the highest value of 14.5 × 10^?20 cm², which indicates that the crystal is good for the application in red emission laser. The emission decay time for ¹D₂ and ³P₀ multiplets was discussed. By adapting the I-H model to fit the emission decay curves, the lifetime for ¹D₂ at 607 nm and ³P₀ at 615 nm are 19.72 μs and 8.95 μs, respectively. Then the corresponding fluorescence quantum efficiencies of the two multiplets reach 83.7 % and 87.9 %, respectively. All the studies illustrate that this crystal is potential in red emission laser application.     

Low frequency acoustic signals associated with rock falls,thunderstorms, and wind turbulences in field environment

This paper characterized the observed low frequency acoustic signals generated by rock falls, thunderstorm, and wind turbulence in large rocky landslide. A digital infrasonic recording system was deployed on site to capture real-time low frequency acoustic signals associated with rock falls. An advanced non-stationary signal analysis method, i.e. Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), was applied to get insight to the characteristics of the low frequency acoustic signals induced by the hazards. Joint time–frequency distribution spectra technique was used to detect distinctive features of the events. The study shows that the low frequency acoustic signals can be excited by rock falls, thunderstorm and wind turbulence in the field environment, but the signal varies in both time domain and frequency domain with different patterns depending on the physical processes. The results demonstrated that the EMD-based signal processing technique is capable of extracting distinctive features to differentiate acoustic signals in real environment.     

一类弱散射界面背向散射超声散斑一阶统计特性

对超声入射至分布有细小凹坑的界平面，这一类弱散射界面背向散射所形成的超声散斑的一阶统计特性进行了研究.在假设条件下，理论分析的结果表明，空间超声散斑的振幅服从Rice分布，而它们的相位概率密度函数是一个包含Gauss分布函数和Gauss概率积分函数的复合函数.当细孔密度非常大时，超声散斑的振幅就趋于Rayleigh分布.应用作者建立的由计算机控制扫描的实验系统，对这一类弱散射界面反射超声散斑的振幅分布进行了测量.实验结果表明，理论分析的结果是正确的，由此，所作的假设条件也是成立的. 关键词： 弱散射 超声散斑 统计特性     

具有InAlAs浸润层的InGaAs量子点的制备和特性研究

采用自组装方法生长了一种新型的InGaAs量子点/InAlAs浸润层结构.通过选取合适的In组分 ，使InAlAs浸润层的能级与GaAs势垒相当，从而使浸润层的量子阱特征消失.通过低温光致 发光（PL）谱的测试分析得到InGaAs量子点/InAlAs浸润层在样品中的确切位置.变温PL谱的 研究显示，具有这种结构的量子点发光峰的半高全宽随温度上升出现展宽，这明显区别于普 通InGaAs量子点半高全宽变窄的行为.这是因为采用了InAlAs浸润层后，不仅增强了对InGaA s量子点的限制作用，同时切断了载流子的 关键词： InGaAs量子点 InAlAs浸润层 PL谱     

三粒子纠缠W态隐形传态的正交完备基展开与算符变换

先是对利用单个两粒子及单个三粒子纠缠态作为量子信道实现三粒子纠缠W态的隐形传态方案进行讨论.然后由波函数的叠加原理与算符变换出发,将体系的总量子量按照Bell基展开实现量子隐形传态,给出了变换算符与实际操作算符之间的联系.进一步验证出变换算符可逆是成功实现三粒子纠缠W态隐形传态的必要条件的结论. 关键词： 三粒子纠缠W态 Bell基展开 变换算符 隐形传态     

重金属小团簇Wn(n=2-7)磁性的第一原理计算

使用自旋极化的密度泛函理论下的第一原理方法,对重金属钨的小团簇Wn（n = 2-7）的结构特性和磁性进行了理论计算。结果表明：团簇的结合能随着团簇中原子数的增加而增大;虽然W的体材料不具有磁性,但是W的一些小团簇可以表现出磁性,如W3、W4和W7,其磁矩均为2μB;通过能级图我们分析了Wn 团簇磁矩的变化情况。此外,还分析了Wn团簇的磁矩,结合能,能量的一阶和二阶差分随原子数n的变化,讨论了最稳定团簇W4的电子结构和电荷密度。     

Co掺杂的ZnO稀磁半导体块体的退火热处理研究

采用固相反应法制备了Zn_0.95Co_0.05O块体样品,并对其进行了不同方式的退火处理.实验表明在锌气氛中500℃退火的样品表现出铁磁性,而在真空中退火的样品却没有磁性,进一步,在锌气氛中1100℃退火的样品虽然表现出铁磁性,但其铁磁性来源于样品在锌气氛中1100℃退火过程中产生了1%左右的Co金属团簇杂质相.另外,在低温时所有样品都表现出较大的正磁电阻,认为正磁电阻效应是由于s-d电子交换相互作用引起的自旋劈裂造成的,而高场时出现的负磁电阻效应则可能归因于磁场 关键词： Co掺杂ZnO X射线衍射 铁磁性 磁电阻     

单根砷掺杂氧化锌纳米线场效应晶体管的电学及光学特性

采用化学气相沉积（CVD）的方法在砷化镓基底上合成直径为20 nm左右、长约数十微米的氧化锌纳米线,然后采用热扩散的方法,将生长于砷化镓基底之上的氧化锌纳米线通过600 ℃,30 min的有氧退火处理后,获得了砷掺杂的氧化锌纳米线.将获得的掺杂后的氧化锌纳米线采用电子束曝光以及真空溅射镀膜的方法将钛/金合金作为接触电极引出,从而构建成场效应晶体管.文中研究了单根氧化锌纳米线砷掺杂前后的电学特性,证实了通过砷掺杂来获得p型的氧化锌纳米线的可行性.构建的p型砷掺杂氧化锌场效应晶体管的跨导为35 nA/V,载流 关键词： p型ZnO纳米线 砷掺杂 场效应晶体管 光致发光