海洋激光雷达测量海中悬移质

研制了一套采用倍频YAG激光器的小型海洋激光雷达，用于测量海中悬移质浓度，2000年8月28日至9月5日，该系统安装于“东方红Ⅱ”号右舷下甲板，在渤海海区进行海中悬移质浓度现场测量，通过对18个站位的海洋激光雷达数据分析，获得的表层悬移质浓度与同步测量的海中悬移质浓度结果吻合较好。     

强反射复杂表面随机缺陷检测照明系统分析

分析了采用CCD光电检测法对强反射复杂表面随机缺陷进行检测时的光学照明问题。给出了缺陷显现力的具体定义。对比了平行光和均匀散射光对消除强反射光的不同作用及对不同表面缺陷的显现力。分析了使用均匀散射光作为光源时，工件表面照度对成像质量的影响。给出了在上述条件下光照系统设计的基本原则。     

高斯光束计算平板波导自由传输区远场分布及其修正

对近轴近似条件下求解亥姆霍兹方程得到的高斯光束显式传播公式做了分析，同时，基于基尔霍夫衍射理论，在菲涅耳近似的条件下给出了相应的高斯光束在远场的传播公式，在此基础上，对近轴近似条件做出了定量分析，给出了这个近似条件引入的误差，提出了一种计算高斯光束远场分布的修正方法，并采用有限差分-光束传播方法(FD-BPM)来检验各种方法的准确性。把这种修正方法应用到平面光集成波导器件，如阵列波导光栅(AWG)、蚀刻衍射光栅(EDG)等器件的设计和模拟中，可以大大降低工作的复杂性，同时可以得到精确的结果。     

变线距光栅线密度的干涉测量

变线距光栅在同步辐射装置、激光核聚变装置上有着广阔的应用前景，它的制作和检测方法尚未成熟。用干涉法测量变线距光栅的线密度，给出了测量原理、实验中的光路、数据处理的方法、测量结果。在待测光栅表面，衍射光干涉条纹的数量和密度是入射光干涉条纹和倍增后光栅的刻线之差。采用共光路的方案，使光路具有很强的抗干扰能力。用中值滤波消除干涉图像中的干扰。针对不同的干涉条纹，讨论和比较了两种测量方法，提出相对密度不变性。证明了干涉法完全可以用于变线距光栅的线密度测量，并能达到一定的精度，初步解决了检测问题，认为这种方法也可以用于变线密度光栅的加工中。     

CTAB对四-(4-N-甲基吡啶)卟啉SERS谱的影响

研究了阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 (CTAB)对四 ( 4 N 甲基吡啶 )卟啉 (H2 TMPyP)及其银配合物 (AgTMPyP)在Ag胶中的表面增强拉曼散射 (SERS)谱的影响 .SERS光谱表明 ,吸附于Ag胶粒的H2 TMPyP与衬底银原子结合形成AgTMPyP ,加入CTAB后 ,部分AgTMPyP表面络合物还原为H2 TMPyP .相似的去金属化反应也出现在AgTMPyP/Ag胶 /CTAB体系中 .CTAB的加入使SERS谱带强度明显增加 .AgTMPyP的去金属化被认为是由于CTAB的存在使Ag胶颗粒表面附近微环境发生改变     

The excitation energies and term energies of the excited states 1s2ns (n=3,4,5) and 1s2nf (n=4,5) of lithium-like systems of Z=11－20

In this paper, the full-core plus correlation (FCPC) and the Ritz method is extended to calculate the non-relativistic energies of 1s^2ns (n=3,4,5) and 1s^2nf (n=4,5) states and the wavefunctions of the lithium-like systems from Z=11－20. The mass-polarization and the relativistic correction including the kinetic-energy correction, the Darwin term, the electron－electron contact term, and the orbit－orbit interaction are evaluated perturbatively as the first-order correction. The contribution from quantum electrodynamic is also included by using the effective nuclear charge formula. The excited energies, the term-energy and fine structure, are given and compared with the other theoretical calculation and experimental results. It is shown that the correlative wave in the FCPC method embodies well the strong correlation between the 1s^2 core and the valence electron.     

Research on the ultrafast fluorescence property of thylakoid membranes of the wild-type and mutant rice

A high yielding rice variety mutant (Oryza sativa L., Zhenhui 249) with low chlorophyll b (Chl b) has been discovered in natural fields. It has a quality character controlled by a pair of recessive genes (nuclear gene). The partial loss of Chl b in content affects the efficiency of light harvest in a light harvest complex (LHC), thus producing the difference of the exciting energy transfer and the efficiency of photochemistry conversion between the mutant and wild-type rice in photosynthetic unit. The efficiency of utilizing light energy is higher in the mutant than that in the wild-type rice relatively. For further discussion of the above-mentioned difference and learning about the mechanism of the increase in the photochemical efficiency of the mutant, the pico-second resolution fluorescence spectrum measurement with delay-frame-scanning single photon counting technique is adopted. Thylakoid membranes of the mutant and the wild-type rice are excited by an Ar^+ laser with a pulse width of 120 ps, repetition rate of 4 MHz and wavelength of 514 nm. Compared with the time and spectrum property of exciting fluorescence, conclusions of those ultrafast dynamic experiments are: 1) The speeds of the exciting energy transferred in photo-system I are faster than that in photo-system II in both samples. 2) The speeds of the exciting energy transfer of mutant sample are faster than those of the wild-type. This might be one of the major reasons why the efficiency of photosynthesis is higher in mutant than that in the wild-type rice.     

Optimal Convergence Rates of Classical Solutions for Vlasov-Poisson-Boltzmann System

The dynamics of charged dilute particles can be modeled by the two species Vlasov-Poisson-Boltzmann system when the particles interact through collisions in the self-induced electric field. By constructing the compensating function for multi-species particle system, the optimal time decay of global classical solutions to this system near a global Maxwellian is obtained through a refined energy method.     

A two-mass expanding exact space-time solution

In order to understand how locally static configurations around gravitationally bound bodies can be embedded in an expanding universe, we investigate the solutions of general relativity describing a space–time whose spatial sections have the topology of a 3-sphere with two identical masses at the poles. We show that Israel junction conditions imply that two spherically symmetric static regions around the masses cannot be glued together. If one is interested in an exterior solution, this prevents the geometry around the masses to be of the Schwarzschild type and leads to the introduction of a cosmological constant. The study of the extension of the Kottler space–time shows that there exists a non-static solution consisting of two static regions surrounding the masses that match a Kantowski–Sachs expanding region on the cosmological horizon. The comparison with a Swiss-Cheese construction is also discussed.     

Quantum Mutual Entropy Defined by Liftings

A lifting is a map from the state of a system to that of a compound system, which was introduced in Accardi and Ohya (Appl. Math. Optim. 39:33–59, 1999). The lifting can be applied to various physical processes.