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41.
Jean-Philippe Rocher Mohammed Ahmar Joelle Paris 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1988,25(2):599-601
Condensation of dimethyl 3-methylglutaconate with ketones provides a one pot route for the preparation of 5-methoxycarbonyl-4-methyldihydropyran-2-ones. The experimental conditions to give selectively pyran-2-ones isomers are discussed. The structure of the different products was established on the basis of 1H and 13C nmr spectral data. 相似文献
42.
We show that pointlike defect model of glasses cannot explain the thermodynamic properties of glass formers, as for example, the excess specific heat close to the glass transition, contrary to the claim of Garrahan and Chandler [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, 9710 (2003)]. More general models and approaches in terms of extended defects are also discussed. 相似文献
43.
Phuoc KT Corde S Shah R Albert F Fitour R Rousseau JP Burgy F Mercier B Rousse A 《Physical review letters》2006,97(22):225002
We demonstrate that betatron x-ray radiation accurately provides direct imaging of electrons trajectories accelerated in laser wakefields. Experimental far field x-ray beam profiles reveal that electrons can follow similar transverse trajectories with typical excursions of 1.5 microm+/-0.5 microm in the plane of laser polarization and 0.7 microm+/-0.2 microm in the plane perpendicular. 相似文献
44.
45.
Tessonnier JP Louis B Walspurger S Sommer J Ledoux MJ Pham-Huu C 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2006,110(21):10390-10395
On the basis of our previous H/D exchange studies devoted to the quantification of the number of Br?nsted acid sites in solid acids, we report here an innovative approach to determine both the amount and the localization of Mo atoms inside the Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst, commonly used for the methane dehydroaromatization reaction. The influence of Mo introduction in the MFI framework was studied by means of BET, X-ray diffraction, 27Al magic angle spinning NMR, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption, and H/D isotopic exchange techniques. A dependence was found between the decrease of acidic OH groups and the Mo content. Depending on the Si/Al ratio of the zeolite, i.e., the proximity of two Br?nsted acid sites, the Mo atoms substitute a different number of OH groups. Consequently, a chemical structure was proposed to describe the geometry of the Mo complex in the channels of the ZSM-5 zeolite. 相似文献
46.
Mahé P Ralaivola L Stoven V Vert JP 《Journal of chemical information and modeling》2006,46(5):2003-2014
We introduce a family of positive definite kernels specifically optimized for the manipulation of 3D structures of molecules with kernel methods. The kernels are based on the comparison of the three-point pharmacophores present in the 3D structures of molecules, a set of molecular features known to be particularly relevant for virtual screening applications. We present a computationally demanding exact implementation of these kernels, as well as fast approximations related to the classical fingerprint-based approaches. Experimental results suggest that this new approach is competitive with state-of-the-art algorithms based on the 2D structure of molecules for the detection of inhibitors of several drug targets. 相似文献
47.
Antignac JP Marchand P Gade C Matayron G Qannari el M Le Bizec B Andre F 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2006,384(1):271-279
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) are widely recognized by the scientific community as persistent organic
pollutants due to their toxicity and adverse effects on wildlife and human health. The actual regulation dedicated to the
monitoring of dioxins in food is based on the measurement of 17 congener concentrations. The final result is reported as a
toxic equivalent value that takes into account the relative toxicity of each congener. This procedure can minimize the qualitative
information available from the abundances of each PCDD/PCDF congener: the characteristic contamination profile of the sample.
Multivariate statistical techniques, such as principal component analysis (PCA) or linear discriminant analysis (LDA), represent
an interesting way to investigate this qualitative information. Nevertheless, they have only been applied to the analysis
of contamination data from food products and biological matrices infrequently. The objective of the present study was to analyze
a large data set from dioxin analyses performed on various food products of animal origin. The results demonstrate the existence
of differences in congener-specific patterns between the analyzed samples. Variability was first demonstrated in terms of
the food type (fish, meat, milk, fatty products). Then a variability was observed that was related to the specific animal
species for meat and milk samples (bovine, ovine, porcine, caprine and poultry). Some practical applications of these results
are discussed. The origin(s) of the observed differences, as well as their significance, now remain to be investigated, both
in terms of environmental factors and transfer through living organisms. A better knowledge of the relation between a contamination
profile and its specific source and/or food product should be of great interest to scientists working in the fields of contaminant
analysis, toxicology and metabolism, as well as to regulatory bodies and risk assessors in charge of final decisions regarding
the eventual hazards associated with theses substances. 相似文献
48.
Morvan J Saluden M Agasse V Barbot F Cardinael P Bouillon JP Decock G 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2006,384(6):1409-1415
Bachus et al. [1] recently described a new derivatisation method using 2-furoyl chloride for the characterisation of mixtures of polyethoxylated
alcohols and their corresponding sulfates. This paper deals with the control of the derivatisation steps; hydrolysis and extraction
conditions were optimised. The method is extended to the characterisation of alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl sulfoacetates and
alkyl phosphates and to the analysis of residual polyethoxylated alcohols in surfactants. Extraction of non-ionic compounds
using solid-phase extraction cartridges was performed before derivatisation. Residual amounts of alcohol were determined in
five commercial anionic surfactants. Moreover, direct derivatisation without preliminary SPE in the same anionic surfactants
proved to be efficient for dry samples. 相似文献
49.
We report the successful application of low-melting inorganic salts with protonated cations (e.g. ammonium) as electrolytes in fuel cells operating in the temperature range 100-200 degrees C, where even with unoptimized electrodes, cell performance is comparable to that of the phosphoric acid fuel cell operating with optimized electrodes in the same temperature range, while open circuit voltages, and efficiencies at low current densities, can be much better--and there is no need for humidification or pressure to sustain performance. 相似文献
50.