下伏软弱层黄土边坡变形机制分析及治理对策研究

本文研究了陕北某电厂夹断层破碎带上覆黄土的泥岩、砂岩互层反倾边坡的变形机制,并研究治理对策及其治理效果。通过边坡工程地质条件及变形破坏特征分析,建立FLAC3D地质模型,采用数值模拟方法研究了边坡变形破坏机制,在此基础上提出削方减载、锚筋桩、锚杆及坡面防护的综合治理措施。研究结果表明,边坡的变形受开挖坡形的影响,坡体浅表层特别是断层带及坡顶黄土部位出现大范围拉应力集中,断层带出现向坡外的挤出变形,带动上部黄土的牵引式变形,引起沿黄土和基岩基覆界面的剪切变形,在黄土中出现大量拉裂缝,在一定条件下潜在滑移面逐渐贯通,坡体将产生整体失稳。边坡的治理应通过削方减载改善坡体应力环境,并重点控制断层带及黄土与基岩基覆界面的变形,数值模拟结果表明,治理后边坡稳定性较好,满足设计要求。     

Large Eddy Simulation and PIV Measurements of Unsteady Premixed Flames Accelerated by Obstacles

In gas explosions, the unsteady coupling of the propagating flame and the flow field induced by the presence of blockages along the flame path produces vortices of different scales ahead of the flame front. The resulting flame–vortex interaction intensifies the rate of flame propagation and the pressure rise. In this paper, a joint numerical and experimental study of unsteady premixed flame propagation around three sequential obstacles in a small-scale vented explosion chamber is presented. The modeling work is carried out utilizing large eddy simulation (LES). In the experimental work, previous results (Patel et al., Proc Combust Inst 29:1849–1854, 2002) are extended to include simultaneous flame and particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements of the flow field within the wake of each obstacle. Comparisons between LES predictions and experimental data show a satisfactory agreement in terms of shape of the propagating flame, flame arrival times, spatial profile of the flame speed, pressure time history, and velocity vector fields. Computations through the validated model are also performed to evaluate the effects of both large-scale and sub-grid scale (SGS) vortices on the flame propagation. The results obtained demonstrate that the large vortical structures dictate the evolution of the flame in qualitative terms (shape and structure of the flame, succession of the combustion regimes along the path, acceleration-deceleration step around each obstacle, and pressure time trend). Conversely, the SGS vortices do not affect the qualitative trends. However, it is essential to model their effects on the combustion rate to achieve quantitative predictions for the flame speed and the pressure peak.     

西南大渡河某水电站溢洪道陡槽段雾化边坡稳定性分析

泄洪雨雾入渗导致边坡变形进而影响边坡稳定性的问题已成水电建设的重要工程问题之一。针对西南某水电站溢洪道陡槽段边坡挤压错动带发育、节理裂隙和控制性结构面发育等结构特点,分析该边坡开挖支护后泄洪雾化条件下潜在失稳的边界条件及变形破坏模式。根据边坡所处的地质环境条件,从泄洪雾化对边坡岩体的作用机制入手,得到了雨雾对该边坡稳定性的影响主要为雨雾沿着顺倾坡外拉裂面入渗,影响结构面力学特性,从而影响边坡稳定性。并按结构面类型取不同软化系数,采用数值模拟方法分析了泄洪雨雾入渗后边坡的变形破坏趋势。分析结果表明：在考虑不同的软化系数时,溢0+555.00下游侧边坡岩体稳定性有较大的差别,若以中间值075考虑,溢洪道陡槽段边坡的稳定性稍差,可能产生一定规模的剪切蠕动变形或块体失稳,必须加强一定的支护措施保证该处边坡在施工期安全和运营期间的长期稳定性。     

高陡岩质料场边坡稳定性与支护设计研究

水电站料场高边坡具有高度大、坡度陡、卸荷速度快等特点,因多按临时边坡进行设计,故施工期变形破坏事例频发。基于这一现状,依托瀑布沟水电站两岩质料场边坡,通过两年多跟踪施工过程的支护设计工作,总结出一套操作性强的料场高边坡稳定性及支护设计方法。针对料场边坡存在的受软弱结构面控制的边坡整体稳定性、浅表层块体稳定性、碎裂岩体稳定性三种工程地质问题,在跟踪施工过程开展岩体结构调查的基础上,按照先整体后局部的稳定性评价思路,开展高边坡稳定性评价。施工期动态支护设计按照“保证整体稳定,控制局部变形,顾全潜在失稳区域”的理念,通过定性评价确定不稳定区域并优先设计提交施工;针对施工中最易出现的块体变形和碎裂岩体变形,建立了合理的支护设计原则和严格的施工规定;对稳定性差、施工风险高、支护造价大的潜在不稳定区域,应及时地调整开挖方案,减少工程造价。实践表明,这套方法保证了料场高边坡的快速施工安全,减少了工程投资。     

A Novel Synthesis of Methyl 4, 6-O-Benzylidene-α-D-Glucopyranoside 2, 3-Cyclic Phosphite Ethyl Ester

Itiswellknownthatnearlyallthebiochemicalmetabolicprocessesofcarbohydratesinlivingorganismsinvolvetheparticipationofphosphorus.Forexample.glycosylphosphatesareofgreatsignificanceforthebiologicalactivityofglycoconjugatesandcanserveasintermediatesinbiologicalglycosyltransfer.Theyarealsoofgreatimportanceasglycosyldonorsinpreparationofoligosaccharides,whichareconstituentsofbiologicallyimportantcompoundssuchasantibiotics,glycolipids,glycoproteins.andimmunodeterminants'.Hencetheinvestigationofphospho…     

纳米晶钛酸铅镧体系的软模及铁电相变研究

采用Raman散射方法系统研究了Pb_1-xLa_xTiO₃(PLT)的软模行为和铁电相变.结果表明,随着晶粒尺寸的减小,Pb_0.86La_0.14TiO₃(PLT14)能从常温常压下的四方铁电相转化为立方顺电相;在高温常压及常温高压下纳米晶PLT14的相变温度和压力均比体材料情况下低;对于不同晶粒尺寸的PLT体系,系统从四方相转化为立方相的相边界随晶粒尺寸的减小移向更低的La离子浓度,还论述了软模随晶粒尺寸、温度、压力和La离子浓度的变化行为以及系统发生相变的机制.     

外延生长YBa2Cu3O7-x超导薄膜的TEM和SEM研究

本文利用高分辨率透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对高J_c外延生长YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x超导薄膜的微观结构进行了观察分析.研究发现,薄膜外延程度的好坏与生长工艺和衬底表面的完整性有直接的关系.实验结果表明(100)SrTiO₃单晶衬底上外延生长YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x超导薄膜中影响临界电流密度J_c的因素主要有界面过渡区、缺陷和不同的外延取代等.     

Two Typical Examples of Scaling Ionic Partition Scheme for Estimating Correlation Energy of A2 Type Molecules

Based on the calculation results of pair correlation energy contributions of the various electron pairs in Na2 and H2NNH2 systems and the application of the scaling ionic partition scheme for symmetrical A2 type systems, the total correlation energies of Na2 and H2NNH2 have been reproduced by using this simple scheme. The two results show that the absolute deviations are within an acceptable range of error, however, in this way, more than 90% of computational work can be saved. The most attractive result in present paper is that, in these two molecules the coefficients c1 and c2 in the estimation equation can be obtained by the proportion of correlation energy of A^- to that of A^ singlet system. Therefore, it is believed that the proposed ionic partition scheme for symmetrical A2 molecules would be very useful to estimate the correlation energies of large symmetrical molecules.     

Study on Pair Correlation Energies of Isoelectronic Systems F~-,HF and H_2F~+

IntroductionAsawell knownfact ,thecalculationofelectroncor relationenergyisabottleneckprobleminthecalculationsofmolecularpropertiesandchemicalreactionsinquantumchemistry .1Ithasattractedgreatattentionoftheoreticalchemists.NumerousdifferentmethodshavebeenusedtocalculatethecorrelationenergysinceL wdin2 givethedef initionofelectroncorrelationin 195 9.In 196 0s ,Sinanoˇglu3,4 definedtheexactelectronpaircorrelationen ergyanddevelopedmany electrontheoryofatomsandmoleculesinwhichthetotalcorrelation…     

碳钢表面碳—氮共渗层在高速干摩擦条件下的摩擦学性能研究

对 2 0 # 钢试样进行碳 -氮共渗热处理 ,考察了共渗层在高速干摩擦条件下的摩擦学性能 ,并用扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪对其磨损表面形貌和元素化学状态进行了分析 .结果表明 :随着滑动速度的增加 ,2 0 # 钢表面碳 -氮共渗层的磨损率逐渐降低 ,当滑动速度达到 35m/s左右时 ,磨损率显著增大 .扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱分析结果表明 ,高速轻载干摩擦条件下 2 0 # 钢表面碳 -氮共渗层的摩擦学性能同磨损表面氧化物的形成和剥落密切相关 ,而磨损率的显著增加是由于磨损表面氧化物类型发生从Fe2 O3 到FeO的转变所致 .