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201.
Anna Olszewska Paula Eronen Leena-Sisko Johansson Jani-Markus Malho Mikael Ankerfors Tom Lindström Janne Ruokolainen Janne Laine Monika Österberg 《Cellulose (London, England)》2011,18(5):1213-1226
This paper deals, with cationically modified NanoFibrillar Cellulose (cat NFC), obtained by reacting a dissolving pulp with
2,3-epoxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (EPTMAC). The cat NFC was thoroughly characterized in terms of morphology and physical
properties. The dimensions of individual cellulose nanofibrils were determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging in
water and in air. Fibrils as thin as 0.8–1.2 nm were observed in water. The fibril diameter changed upon drying and the average
size was further quantified by image analysis. The experiments showed the importance of characterizing nanocellulosic materials
in situ before drying. The fibril size in air was confirmed by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), and
it was found to be 2.6–3.0 nm. Smooth ultrathin films of cationic NFC were prepared by spincoating on silica substrates. The
effect of electrolyte concentration and pH on swelling of the cationic NFC film was studied using a quartz crystal microbalance
with dissipation. The results showed that at pH = 8 the cat NFC film was insensitive to electrolyte changes while at pH = 4.5,
the water content of the film decreased with increasing ionic strength. The electrophoretic mobility measurements showed a
cationic zeta potential for the cat NFC that decreased at increasing pH, verifying the swelling behaviour. 相似文献
202.
Nikolaos Pahimanolis Ulla Hippi Leena-Sisko Johansson Tapio Saarinen Nikolay Houbenov Janne Ruokolainen Jukka Seppälä 《Cellulose (London, England)》2011,18(5):1201-1212
In the present work, amino functionalized nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) was prepared using click-chemistry in aqueous reaction
conditions. First, reactive azide groups were introduced on the surface of NFC by the etherification of 1-azido-2,3-epoxypropane
in alkaline water/isopropanol-mixture at ambient temperature. Then the azide groups were reacted with propargyl amine utilizing
copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), leading to pH-responsive 1,2,3-triazole-4-methanamine decorated NFC.
The reaction products were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy. The presence of the attached azide groups was also confirmed by reacting them with 5-(dimethylamino)-N-(2-propyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide
by CuAAC, yielding highly fluorescent NFC. In addition, atom force microscopy and rheology studies confirmed that the original
NFC nanostructure was maintained during the synthesis. 相似文献